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English  Classics, 


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Classes  /;;  English  Literature,  Reading,  Grammar,  etc 


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Essay  c 
Clitics 
94  page 

The 

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VI— K; 
Cflcsar- 
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16mo,  < 

The 

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Index  ( 
112  pp. 

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ICE,  JC 

Notes, 

BUAINI 

Literati 
author 
ature," 
in  Engl 
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offensi^ 
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EDUCATION  DEPT. 


on's  Life — 
esuKnown 
h,  flexible. 


le  Plays  of 
3  It— King 
Ling  Henry 
da — Julius 
and  Notes, 
.     160  pp., 


r  Chaucer, 
he  Author. 
Notes,  and 

£BY,  M.  D. 


h  Clarke's 


fT  OP  Ven- 
CST.  With 
cted).  By 
linage  and 
litule,  and 
glish  Litcr- 
ed  Lessons 
Ji,  flexible, 
for  use  in 
considered 
he  require- 
by  eminent 
mine  these 
Doth  of  the 

,         .         .         ,  .  '  ^         -   - f —v..     Printed  from 

largo  type,  bound  in  a  very  attractive  cloth  bindimr.  and  sold  at  nearly 
one-half  the  price  of  other  School  Eilitions  of  Shakespeare. 

CLARK  a  MAYNARD,  PUBLISHERS, 

734  Broadway,  New  Tork. 


ItVtll      UVCkCl 


,  ,    -     ,  ,  ntinpieu  to  tiu;  wanis. 

teacher  and  student,  than  any  other  editions  published. 


•     -^  injj: 

English  Classics, 

ron 

Classes  in  English  Literature,  Reading,  Grammar,  etc. 

EDITED  BY  EMINENT  ENGIilSH  AND  AJflERICAN  SCHOLARS.  I 

Each  Volume  contains  a  Sketch  of  the  Author's  Life,  Prefatory  and 
C'/.-'       .'     >     Explanatory  Notes,  etc.,  etc. 

These  Volumes  are  thoroiig-hly  adapted  for  Schools  in  which  English  Lit- 
erature forms  a  branch  of  study,  or  where  a  carefully-selected  portion  of  some 
Engrlish  Classic  is  selected  for  minute  examination,  or  for  supplementary  read- 
ing matter.  The  notes  are  unusually  full  and  exhaustive,  occupying  in  many 
volumes  nearly  half  the  book.  Etjnnolog-y  Is  attended  to  through  out.  the 
derivations  of  all  the  more  difficult  words  being  given.  In  short  they  supply 
the  student  with  all  the  information  necessary  to  a  perfect  understanding . 
and  just  appreciation  of  the  text,  and  incidentally  communicate  much  useful 

?ihilological  and  general  knowledge.    They  are  all  well  printed,  on  fine  paper, 
rom  large  type,  and  are  attractively  bound  with  paper  covers. 
1    ByTon'a  Prophecy  of  Dante .    (Cantos  I.  and  II.) 
9    Miltoii'8  L'Alle^ro  an<l  II  Pcnseroso. 
S    Iiortl  Hncou's  Esgays,  Civil  and  Moral.    (S«]ected.) 
At   Byron's  Prisoner  of  Cliillon. 

5  Moore's  Fire-Worshippers.     (Lalla  Rookh.  Selected  from  Parrs X  and  K.) 

6  Goldsmith's  Deserted  Villase. 

7  Scott's  Marmion.    (Selections  from  Canto  VI.) 

8  Scott's  Lay  of  the  Last  Minstrel.    (Introduction  and  Canto  I 

9  Burns'  Cotter's  Saturday  Night,  and  Other  Poems. 

10  Crabbe's  The  Village. 

11  Campbell's  Pleasures  of  Hope.    (Ahridjrment  of  Part  I.) 
la    Macaulny's  Essay  on  Buiiyan's  Pilgrim's  Progress. 
13    Macaulay's  Armada,  and  Other  Poems. 

14:    Shakespeare's  Merchant  of  Venice.  (Seleetions  from  Acts  I. .III.  andlV.) 

15  Goldsmith's  Traveller. 

16  Hogg's  Q,iieen'a  Walce. 

17  Coleridge's  Ancient  Mariner.  "' 

18  Addison's  Sir  Roger  I>e  Coverley.  ' 

19  Gray's  Elegy  in  a  Country  Cliurchyard. 

30  Scott's  Lady  of  the  Lake.     (Canto  I.) 

31  Shakespeare's  As  You  Like  It,  etc.    (St'lections.) 

33    Shakespeare's  King  John  and  King  Richard  II.    (Selection?.) 
33    Sliakespeare's  King  Henry  IV.,   King  Henry    V.,    King   Henry 

Vi.    (Selections.) 
34:    Shakespeare's  Henry  VIII.,  and  JTulius  Ciesar.     (Selection*.) 

35  Wordsworth's  Excursion.    (Book  1.) 
86    Pope's  Essay  on  Criticism. 

»7    Spenser's  Faerie  Q,ueeMe.     (Cantos  I.  and  U.) 

38  Cowper'a  Task.    (Book  I.) 

39  Milton's  Comns. 

30    Tennyson's  Enoch  Arden. 

3  1    Irving's  Sketch  Book.    vSelection?.) 

33    Dickens'  Christmas  Carol.    (Condensed.) 

33    Carlyle's  Hero  as  a  Phrophet. 

34:    Macaulay's  Warren  Hastings.    (Condensed.) 

3  5    Goldsmith's  Vicar  of  Wakefield.    (Condensed.) 

36  Tennyson's  The  Two  Voices  and  A  Dream  of  Fair  Women. 

37  Memory  Q,uotations. 
3  8    Cavalier  Poets. 

39  Dryden's  Alexander's  Feast  and  McFlecknoe. 

40  Keats'  The  Eve  of  St.  Agnes. 

From  32  to  48  Pages  each,  18mo.   Othex^  in  Preparation. 

*  PUBLISHED  Br  * 

CLARK  k  MAYNARD,  734  Broadway,  New  York. 


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Word  Lesson>s. 


A  COMPLETE  SPELLER 


ADAPTED  FOR  USE  IN 


The   Higher    Primary,    Intermediate,    and 
Grammar   Grades. 


Designed  to  teach  the  correct  Spelling,  Pronunciation,  and 
Use  of  such  words  only  as  are  most  common  in  current 
literature,  and  as  are  most  likely  to  be  Misspelled, 
Mispronounced,  or  Misused,  and  to  awaken 
new  interest  in  the  study  of  Syn- 
onyms and  of  Word- Analysis. 


By  ALONZO  KEED,  A.M., 

JOINT  AUTHOR  OF   "GRADED  LESSONS  IN  ENGLISH"  AND 
'•HIGHER  LESSONS  IN  ENGLISH." 


NEW  YORK: 
Clark  &  Maynard,  Publishers, 

734    Broadway. 

1884. 


EDUCATION  DEPT.  ^Kl^'^'^ 

Langx^age  Lessons:  Grammar— Compositioni\^ ^ 

A  COM;PLEXE,  COURSE  IN  TWO  BOOKS  ONLY.        ^  \j^ 

■  ;>  '  { 

The    Best  and   the   Cheapest. 


I.  Graded  Lessons  in  English.— An  Elementaky  English 
(jriiAMMAK,  Consisting  of  One  Hundred  Practical  Lessons,  care- 
fully graded  and  adapted  to  the  class-room.  164  pages,  16mo. 
Bound  in  linen. 

II.  Higher  Lessons  in  English. — A  Work  ON  English  Gram- 
mar AND  Composition,  in  wliicli  the  science  of  the  Language 
is  made  tributary  to  the  art  of  expression.  A  course  of  Practical 
Lessons,  carefully  graded,  and  adapted  to  every-day  use  in  the 
school-room.     282  pages,  16mo.     Bound  in  cloth. 


ALONZO  REED,  A.M.,  &      BRAINERD  KELLOGG,  A.M., 

Instructor  in  English  Grammar  in  the  Professor  of  English  Language  and  Literature 

Brooklyn  CoUe</iatc  and  Poly-  in  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Poly- 

technic Institute.  technic  Institute. 

The  two  books  completely  cover  the  ground  of  Grammar  and  Composition, 
from  the  time  tiie  scholar  usually  begins  the  study  until  it  is  linished  in  the 
High  School  or  Academy. 

A  Text-Book  on  Rhetoric. — Supplementing  the  development  of 
the  Science  with  exhaustive  practice  in  Composition.  A  course 
of  Practical  Lessons  adapted  for  use  in  High  Schools  and  Acade- 
mies, and  in  the  I^wer  Classes  of  Colleges.  By  Brainekd 
Kellogg,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  English  Language  and  Litera- 
ture in  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic  Institute,  and 
one  of  the  authors  of  Reed  &  Kellogg's  "Graded  Lessons  in 
English"  and  "  Higher  Lessons  in  English."    270  pages,  12mo. 


A  Text-Book  on  English  Literature. — With  copious  Extracts 
from  the  leading  authors,  English  and  American.  With  full 
instructions  as  to  the  method  in  which  these  are  to  be  studied. 
Adapted  for  use  in  Colleges,  High  Schools,  Academies,  etc.  By 
BuAiNERD  Kellogg,  A.M.,  Professor  of  the  English  Language 
and  Literature  in  the  Brooklyn  Collegiate  and  Polytechnic.  Insti- 
tute, author  of  "A  Text-IJook  on  Rhetoric,"  and  one  of  the 
authors  of  Reed  &  Kellogg's  "Graded  Lessons  in  English"  and 
"  Higher  I^essons  in  English."  Handsomely  printed,  12mo, 
484  pages. 


Copyright,  1884,  by  Alomzo  Rexd. 


PREFACE. 


"Words  give  wings  to  thought." 

Is  the  spelling-book  losing  ground? — it  is  said  that  nineteen- 
twentieths  of  those  examined  for  the  Public  Service  under  the  compet- 
itive system  in  England  fail  in  spelling.  Those  placed  by  government 
in  control  of  educational  affairs  report,  "Spelling  is  not. what  it  ought 
to  be.  Text-books  should  be  used  for  this  subject."'^  *'  What  we  want 
is  to  teach  spelling  and  not  merely  to  practice  spelling. "  A  spelling- 
book  revival  in  England  seems  to  be  the  result. 

In  the  foremost  educational  center  of  our  own  country,  the  experi- 
ment of  teaching  spelling  without  the  aid  of  a  special  text-book  has 
been  tried  with  results  so  far  from  satisfactory  that  the  spelling-book  has 
been  restored.  Wherever  the  subject  of  spelling  has  been  most  seriously 
considered,  a  strong  reaction  in  favor  of  a  suitable  text-book  is  evident. 

Is  there  a  substitute  for  the  spelling-book  ?— In  the  lower  pri- 
mary grades,  the  work  of  copying  words  and  sentences  from  the  black- 
board and  of  writing  exercises  in  connection  with  '*  oral  language-les- 
sons" is  undoubtedly  far  more  profitable  than  conning  the  ^'primary 
speller  "  as  now  constructed. 

For  the  more  advanced  grades,  copying  from  the  reading-book,  writ- 
ing compositions,  and  making  abstracts  of  daily  lessons  in  geography, 
history,  etc.,  afford  good  practice  in  spelling ;  but  will  and  can  the 
average  teacher,  without  sacrifice  of  the  time  belonging  to  the  subject 
matter  of  the  ''lessons  in  geography,  history,  etc.,"  exercise  that  unre- 
mitting vigilance  in  criticism,  correction,  and  recorrection  which  is 
necessary  to  make  these  "abstracts"  in  any  measure  a  substitute  for 
daily  exercises  in  the  spelling,  pronunciation,  and  use  of  short  lists  of 
judiciously  selected  words  ? 

There  are  certain  difficulties  in  spelling  which  are  well  known  to  be 
common  and  almost  universal.  So  far  as  these  are  found  in  words  that 
are,  or  should  be,  in  the  pupil's  vocabulary,  is  it  not  more  economic  to 
meet  them  directly  and  persistently  than  to  wait  for  them  to  occur  in- 
cidentally at  long  intervals  in  the  work  of  copying  or  of  general  compo- 

M118318 


4  Preface. 

This  book  was  made  with  the  conviction :  — 

1,  That  the  faults  of  the  average  spelling-book  could  be  avoided, 
and  that  a  book  of  word4es8on8  could  be  made  so  interesting  and  sug- 
gestive  as  to  become  an  indispensable  aid  in  the  all-important  work  of 
learning  to  express  thought  correctly. 

2.  That  the  pronunciation  and  use  of  words  should  be  taught  in  con- 
nection with  their  spelling. 

8.  That,  after  excluding  the  unusual  words  of  the  "  old-time  speller," 
more  than  one-half  of  the  modem  spelling-book  words  should  be 
dropped  as  not  likely  to  be  misspelled  by  the  average  learner. 

4.  That  all  exercises  should  be  graded  with  reference  to  the  natural 
growth  of  the  child's  vocabulary. 

5.  That  there  should  be  variety  in  the  character  of  the  lessons  and  in 
the  methods  of  classification. 

6.  That  the  principles  of  association,  or  of  comparison  and  contrast, 
should  be  regarded  in  meeting  such  diflBculties  as  arise  from  the  use  of 
different  symbols  for  the  same  or  similar  sounds. 

7.  That  the  "homonyms"  are  among  the  most  useful  and  most 
troublesome  words  in  the  language.* 

8.  That,  as  the  child  is  likely  to  carry  through  life  what  is  copied  or 
repeated  from  school  books,  illustrative  sentences  should,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, present  the  richest  thoughts  and  the  choicest  gems  of  expression 
that  can  be  gathered  from  literature. 

0.  That  pupils  in  the  common  school  should  be  so  introduced  to  the 
study  of  word-analysis  that  they  will  be  encouraged  to  consult  the  dic- 
tionary for  the  derivation  of  words,  and  to  trace  the  links  connecting 
the  original  with  the  current  meaning. f 

10.  That  there  is  no  more  valuable  intellectual  discipline  than  the 
study  of  syoonyms,  and  that  a  series  of  lessons  may  be  so  presented  as 
to  lead  the  pupil  almost  unconsciously  into  the  habit  of  weighing 
words  and  making  nice,  yet  sound,  distinctions.^ 

•  See  pp.  15, 18,  etc.  (For  the  genet  al  plan  of  these  cDlptlcal  exercises  we  are  in- 
debtod  to  tbo  "  Koyal  School  Seriee.")    t  See  pp.  1(53, 104,  etc.    t  See  pp.  158, 167,  etc 


Methods  of  TEACHma  Spelling. 


Spelling  is  chiefly  a  habit  of  the  eye,  and  is  of  practical  use  only  in 
"writing.  The  pupil  should  therefore  be  trained  to  see  word-forms 
correctly  and  to  reproduce  them  on  the  slate  or  on  paper  till  correct 
writing  becomes  easy  and  natural.  The  large,  clear  type,  the  open 
page,  and  the  variety  of  exercises  in  this  book  are  designed  to  this 
end. 

For  the  lower  grades,  copying  the  choice  selections  found  in  the  fol- 
lowing pages  will  afford  excellent  practice  in  spelling,  and  in  the  use  of 
capital  letters  and  punctuation  marks;  but  such  exercises  should  be  sub- 
jected to  rigid  examination,  and  no  careless  work  should  be  accepted. 

In  assigning  a  lesson  the  teacher  should  see  that  the  pupUs  are  able 
to  pronounce  all  the  words  correctly,  and  that  they  know  something  of 
the  use  of  each  word.  The  following  lessons  are  so  arranged  as  to  pre- 
sent a  thorough  and  carefully  graded  course  in  the  principles  of  pro- 
nunciation without  defacing  the  page  or  confusing  the  eye  to  any  con- 
siderable extent  with  diacritical  marks.  The  spelling,  pronunciation, 
and  use  of  words  are  so  associated  that  they  can  better  be  taught  to- 
gether than  separately.  Pupils  should  be  required  to  illustrate  the  use 
of  all  words  except  names*  grouped  topically. 

The  usual  method  of  dictating  written  exercises  in  spelling  is  a  good 
one.  The  teacher  pronounces  the  words,  which  the  pupils  write  on  their 
slates  or  in  their  blank-books.  Slates  are  then  exchanged,  and  the 
teacher  or  one  of  the  pupils  gives  the  correct  spelling  of  each  word, 
while  every  pupil  checks  the  mistakes  found  on  the  slate  which  he 
holds.  The  slates  are  then  returned,  the  number  of  errors  reported,  and 
corrections  made  by  rewriting  the  words  in  a  separate  column. 

It  is  customary  for  the  teacher  to  give  the  illustrative  sentences  when 
dictating  the  words  ;  but  the  suggestions  given  in  connection  with  the 
following  lessons  will  enable  the  pupils  to  give  the  illustrations,  which 
is  far  better.  If  the  illustrations  are  given  orally,  it  would  be  well  to 
have  several  pupils  at  the  blackboard  to  write  such  of  the  sentences  as 


Methods  of  Teaching  Spelling. 


have  particular  merit,  or  Fuoh  as  the  teacher  raay  wish  to  present  foi 
criticism. 

It  is  hoped  that  the  character  of  the  illustrative  phrases  and  sentences 
in  this  book  will  aid  the  teacher  in  resisting  the  tendency  of  pupils  to 
put  meaningless,  trashy  stuff  into  their  exercises.  Such  examples  as 
the  following  are  too  generally  encouraged  in  the  text-books  :  "The 
bad  boy  hit  the  good  girl  in  the  eye;  "  **  Pour  water  on  the  fire,  that 
Albert  may  not  see  to  jwre  over  that  foolish  picture  illustrating  the 
'pores  of  the  skin;  "  "  The  hear  tore  his  hare  leg  in  such  a  manner  that 
I  could  not  hear  to  look  at  it."* 

Pupils  should  be  required  to  keep  a  list  of  the  words  which  they  mis- 
spell, and  to  rewrite  them  frequently,  in  sentences  and  separately. 

Written  and  oral  spelling  should  be  combined.  The  best  results  are 
obtained  by  addressing  both  eye  and  ear. 

Oral  s})elling  should  be  made  an  aid  to  correct  pronunciation.  Pupils 
should  be  required  to  pronounce  and  spell  each  word  in  a  clear,  natural 
tone  of  voice,  making  a  slight  pause  between  the  syllables.  This  is  bet 
ter  than  the  following  tedious,  confusing  process  :  i-n  in  c-o-m  com  in- 
com  p-r-e  pre  incompre  h-e-n  hen  incomprehen  s-i  si  incomprehensi  b-l-c 
ble  incomprehensible. 

In  oral  spelling,  the  teacher  may  stimulate  the  interest  of  the  pupils 
by  allowing  them  to  **  go  up,"  or  to  win  rank  by  correcting  misspelled 
words,  and  an  occasional  old-fashioned  spelling-match  will  add  fresh  zeal 
to  the  work. 

It  is  believed  that  the  "directions"  given  in  connection  with  the 
different  lessons  throughout  this  book  will  aid  both  teacher  and  pupil. 

In  most  of  the  lessons  on  synonyms  the  teacher  will  notice  that  each 
group  of  synonymous  words  has  a  certain  relation  to  the  following  group. 
This  will  enable  the  pupil,  in  writing  illustrative  paragraphs,  to  i>a.«?8,  by 
an  easy  transition,  from  one  group  to  another,  weaving  the  whole  into 
one  connected  composition.  The  importance  of  this  work  in  synonyms 
can  hardly  bo  overestimated. 

For  suggestions  concerning  the  teaching  of  word-anal\  sis  sn  p.  163. 

•  The  kwt  two  illustrattonM  lire  typical  Mntences  from  a  popular  English  word 
book— one  from  whirh  American  compllerii  bRvc  drawn  most  largely. 


PART     I. 


a,    long,    in    hate. 

To  the  pupil. — Look  at  each  word  till  you  can  turn  away  and  see  a 
perfect  picture  of  it  in  your  mind.  Study  down  the  columns,  then 
from  left  to  right. 


a 

a 

ai 

ay 

trace 

case 

aid 

lay 

chase 

place 

aim 

fray 

vase 

scale 

praise 

gray 

space 

skate 

claim 

spray 

grace 

haze 

faint 

sway 

ache 

bathe 

jail 

stray 

Direction.  - 

—  Copy  the  following 

sentences. 

Note   carefully   the 

capital  letters  and  the  punctuation. 


-^ti^  -c^-m^d  -tz 


iZ^<n/ _M^€>d  -^  ■^^^. 


^-^i^tzde  -a-u^^ 


^i^  -/'/^• 


/  €M^^i2^€-4^    4n^^a44^    A^^g24^e    €^li^e. 


^^^  ^^-€^€4-  dj^^^tz€^  ^l^^-i^i  ^a^^^  e^n^/  / 
CyAe  'Cod^cu  ^i24^i€-d  e4^e4^  d'j 


To  tlie  Teacher. — Let  the  pupils  give  short  seuteuces  orally  for  the 
words  of  the  lesson  not  found  in  the  script  exercises.  Drill  in  the  pronun- 
ciation and  the  use  of  the  words  in  the  next  lesson. 


s 

:            •  ff^o'r'd  Lessons, 

a,  shorty  in  Mt. 

To  tlie  Teacher.— Call  attention  to  the  silent  letters. 

a 

a                      a 

a 

badge 

spasm            shrank 

track 

crash 

match            snatcli 

twang 

chasm 

scalp             sprang 

lack 

gnash 

scamp            thrash 

catch 

add 

scrap             thatch 

patch 

knack 

scratch          batch 

quack 

Direction.— Copy  the  following  sentences  with  cai-e.     Remember 
that  the  punctuation  is  a  part  of  the  written  sentence. 

Cy^€c/^t>n  ^li^  4^^pr^  <{^/A  d'H€i'W: 

To  the  Teacher.— Call  attention  to  the  punctuation,  capiUls,  rhyme,  etc 


A   Complete  Speller, 


IiEgpejvi  5. 


e,  long,  in  me. 

To  the  pupil. — Look  at  each  word  till  you  can  turn  away  and  see  a 
perfect  picture  of  it  in  your  mind.  Study  down  the  columns,  then 
from  left  to  right. 


e 

ea 

ea 

86 

eve 

bleak 

near 

kneel 

mere 

preach 

means 

cheer 

scene 

cheat 

peak 

fleece 

scheme 

heave 

please 

screen 

sphere 

least 

sheaf 

freeze 

theme 

leave 

streak 

queer 

Direction. — Copy  the  following  sentences. 


.^^^tzd/^  d^fz^  -^  (U^r^-n^ed/  4n^-^^u/^€i. 


^^^^. 


^' 


^  ^  -^^^^t^^ 


4n^. 


S2^J^i 


■^  d^faee€  -tz^ 


d  d^^-md  / 


J2^^  Zrc^ 


To  the  Teaclier. — Call  attention  to  the  silent  letters  in  the  next  lesson. 


lO  Word  Lessons, 


IlEggeN  4. 

e,   short,    in   met. 
Direction. — Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 

e                      e                      ea  ea 

debt  fence  breadth  health 

dense  hedge  death  meant 

tempt  jest  cleanse  stealth 

edge  knell  deaf  sweat 

pledge  ledge  dread  tlireat 

quench  wedge  dreamt  wealth 

Direction. — Copy  the  following  sentences. 

cMfi^y^  'W^i^^Ud  ofz^n^'i^  ^yU/:4^^on  ^un^. 

cd  </£^nd^'  -^^z^  deiyt>^€i  -ad  <i  j/^4^€^d.. 
S2^id  /44^€i/  Ui^id  ^^m€i^/  'Od  €i^^d/. 

To  the  Teacher.— Help  the  pupiU  to  f^ranp  the  thoughts  contained  in 
these  cxerci»e8,  and  encourage  them  to  put  meaning  into  their  original 
Rentcnces. 


A    Complete  Speller, 


II 


liEggeN  ^. 


i,  long,  in  prime. 

i  i,  y 


i,  short,  in  pin. 


blithe 

knife 

quite 

sigh 

high 

prize 


twice 

gripe 

rhyme 

type 

scythe 


bridge 

glimpse 

niche 

prism 

quit 

rinse 


1 
script 
shrink 
stitch 
switch 
width 
zinc 


Direction. — Copy  the  following  sentences. 

-c-A  -^^  'l^^'n^.  diZy?j^(^  -^^i^^m. 
^yu^ii^  ^n^uru^  -a^n^.An  €i 


'^ 


^^n^tH^  -^^^^^^  ^ut-fz^  ^e. 


y    S€4m^ 


S. 


W     ^    d-^^     -2^: 


/ 


U<n^€^    4 


.—Tb€. 


To  the  Teacher. — Call  attention  to  the  silent  letters  in  the  next  lesson, 


12  Word  Lessons, 


IlEggejsi  6. 

5,  long,  in  note.  6,  shorty  in  ndt. 

Direction. — Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


o 

oa 

ou,  ow 

o 

yolk 

loan 

mom*n 

knob 

folks 

hoax 

source 

copse 

comb 

loam 

though 

lodge 

gross 

roam 

owe 

notch 

gho^ 

loathe 

known 

dodge 

rogue 

hoarse 

growth 

knock 

Direction. — Copy  the  following  sentences. 

'l^'  du^^  'Id  'lAe.  d^^tt'K:^  -^  ^ct^^^^. 


tad  ^<?  ^fn€iyn 


4€^Ud  <i€ni^€i  'i^n^  /Ae^  -c^^ndd-. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


13 


l£ 

EJSgajI  7, 

*ii,  long. 

in  tube. 

U,  sliort, 

in  tub. 

dupe 

cue 

buzz 

much 

fuse 

glue 

crumb 

numb 

lure 

sue 

crutch 

scud 

cube 

stew 

dumb 

shrub 

plume 

news 

skulk 

snuff 

use 

slew 

judge 

such 

Direction. — Copy  the  following  sentences. 
^r^^^^M     4^yt^^^  ^Uld/. 


<^up-i  j.u^-^^^. 


G^^  d<^^. 


To  tlie  Teacher. — Drill  the  pupils  on  giviu^  the  Jong  and  the  short 
sound  of  each  vowel. 


See  Less.  34. 


14  Word  Lessons, 


LEJSJSeN  S. 
Review. 

Direction. — Copy  and  study  the  following  words. 


^         ^i-cni^  ^^14^2^  <um4^c^- 


U^€l^:^€-  d^Jl^^^^^        'fZ^€^/  -C^m 


Direction.— Copy  the  following  stanza,  and  pick  out  the  words  con- 
taining the  sounds  which  you  have  learned. 

'Q^TLiy&'c/  ^t^^€^   -^^^%^      ^tn^c^d  t?:?'?^  ^t^y^  / 

^^-o-  d'Ctrut',  -fi^T^f^  d-o-  j^fv^   ^-e'A.i^'yi^, 

To  Ok0  Teacher.— Talk   with  the  pupils  about  the  punctuation,  the 
peculiar  use  and  arrungement  of  words,  ttie  rhyftie,  poetic  fancy,  etc 


A    Complete  Speller. 


15 


Words  alike  in  sound  (homonyms). 

To  the  Teaclier.— We  would  not  advise  the  memorizing  of  these  par- 
tial definitions. 

The  elliptical  expressions  will  suggest  a  variety  of  interesting  exercises. 
They  may  be  filled  out  and  copied,  they  may  be  used  for  oral  recitation,  or 
they  may  be  written  in  class  from  dictation  and  corrected  by  exchange  of 
slates. 


a,  e,  1,  0,  u, 

y- 

a,  e,  1,  0,  u,  y. 

pain,  ache, 
pane,— of  glass. 

r>  bad,  not  good. 
^  bade,  told. 

be,  to  exist. 
bee,  an  insect. 

-;  bell, — for  ringing. 
belle,  a  fine,  gay  lady. 

o  stile,  steps  over  a  fence. 
style,  fashion,  manner. 

.  hole,  an  opening. 
whole,  all. 

K  blew,  did  blow. 
blue,  a  color. 


cs  him,  that  man  or  boy. 
hymn,  a  sacred  song. 

knot,  a  tie  ;  a  hard  place 
9  in  wood. 

not,  a  word  of  denial. 

-J  ^  but,  a  connecting  word, 
butt,  larger  end  ;  to  strike 
with  the  head. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 
The  (5)  sky  bends  over  all. — Cdendge.  'Tis  (9)  tlie  (4)  of 
life  to  live. — Montgomery.  Sweet  is  pleasure  after  (1). — Dr?/- 
(kn.  So  sweetly  she  (6)  me  adieu. — Sfiejistom.  Tims  (G) 
begins  and  worse  remains  behind. — Shakesjjcare.  By  turns  a 
slattern  or  a  {'ll).—Goidsmith.  How  soft  the  music  of  those 
village  (7)s  \—Cowper.  A  (2)-hive's  hum  shall  soothe  my 
ear. — Shakesjmre.  The  foxes  have  (4)s. — Bible.  Greeh.  vales 
and  icy  cliffy,  all  join  my  (8). — Coleridge. 

j(10)  he  lay  like  a  warrior  taking  his  rest, 
/With  his  martial  cloak  around  (8). — Wolfe. 
"  The  face  against  the  (1)."     ''  I  am  sitting  on  the  (3), 
Mnry.''—^id  So7fg.     The  (10)  of  the  whip.     The  beast  (10)s 
me  away.— Shakespeare.    ^*It  (5)  a  gale."    (3)  of  dress.    Untie 
the  (9).     (9)ty  timber.     (2)  just  and  fear  (9). — shakei^peare. 


i6 


Word  Lessons, 


Words  alike  in  sound  (homonyms). 

To  the  pupil. — Which  of  the  short  sounds  is  missing  here  ? 


a,  e,  1,  o,  u. 

made,  did  make. 
maid,  a  young  woman. 

hear,  to  listen. 
here,  in  this  place. 

time,  days,  years,  etc. 
thyme,  an  herb. 

wrote,  did  write, 
rote,  mere  repetition. 

knew,  did  know. 
new,  not  old. 


a,  e,  1,  u. 

r,  rap,  to  strike. 
wrap,  to  infold. 

cent,  a  coin. 
7  scent,  an  odor, 
sent,  did  send. 

c|  in,  inside. 
inn,  a  publif^  house. 

Q  plum,  a  fruit. 

plumb,  perpendicular. 


Direction.— Pm<  tlie  right  word  in  the  rigid  place. 

No  blush  of  (1)  is  sweeter. — Jean  Jngeiow.  (2)  rests  his  head 
upon  the  lap  of  earth. — Gray.  Then  waste  nt)t  (3),  for  (3; 
is  the  stuff  that  life  is  (1)  of. — FrankUn.  I  (2),  yet  say 
not  mucli. — Shakupeare.  Wisdom  is  not  learned  by  (4).  He 
builded  better  than  he  (5). — Emerson.  Wise  poets  that  (6) 
tnith  in  tales. — Carew-  I  (7)  the  moniing  air. — Shake^speare. 
Shall  I  not  take  mine  ease  (8)  mine  (8)? — Shakespeare.  Prunes 
are  dried  (9)s.  The  wall  is  (9).  The  Greeks  burned  the 
fragrant  (3)  as  an  offering  to  the  gods.  The  baby,  (5)  to 
earth  and  sky. — Holland.  There  came  a  tapping  as  of  some 
one  gently  (G)ping. — Ikx.  Jonah  was  (7)  to  Nineveh.  Take 
<•■'•"  -f  tlio  (7)s.     The  angel  (4)  and  vanished. — LdghHunt. 


To  the  Teacher.— The  time  of  ono  reclUition  could  be  very  profitably 
spent  111  aiding  the  pupils  to  develop  the  thoughts  contained  in  nome  of  the 
quotatioiib.    The  quotations  might  be  copied  for  another  exercise. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


17 


ii 

EggeN  )J. 

a, 

Italian^ 

,  in  far. 

a 

a 

a 

au 

calf 

ah 

czar 

jaunt 

half 

jar 

arch 

laugh 

alms 

scar 

gape 

daunt 

calm 

bath 

parch 

gaunt 

salve 

farce 

wrath 

haunt 

psalm 

barge 

starve 

craunch 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


0/  d^?^  €M^^Ua^4^  /^^^^ 


d 


-11^4^0^, 


^  ^€i€^md. 


<^n^^  ^€^  u^e€-A. 


O^   /A^^^/ dA^^  ^€Z^^/  ud. 


e<t^u<^^  ^  4^^ 


r 


^^^7^^^. 


To  the  Teacher. — Call  attention  to  the  silent  Ts  in  the  first  column,  the 
silent  j9  and  I  in  psalm,  and  the  silent  c  in  czar. 


1 8  Word  Lessons. 


a,  droad,  in  all. 
Direction. — Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


a 

a 

au 

aw 

taik 

false 

vault 

fawn 

balk 

waltz 

sauce 

dawn 

walk 

dwarf 

faults 

gnaw 

stalk 

sward 

gauze 

yawn 

scald 

squall 

caught 

crawl 

chalk 

thwart 

naught 

scrawl 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 

O^in^^A/  ^  d^^4^    -^/^    '^ne    ^€iu^  €m 


To  the  Teacher.— Let  the  pupils  seo  that  a  mid  xc  in  the  pocond  cohimn 
fitand  for  the  consonant  sound  of  tr,  and  that  in  the  third  and  fourth  col- 
umns M  and  w  unite  with  a  to  cqiuil  a. 

Drill  on  the  prouuuclutiou  of  the  next  lemsou.    See  note,  next  page. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


19 


*  a,  intermediate  (between  a  and  a),  in 
t  S.,  long  before  r,  in  care. 


a 

a 

a 

a,  ai,  ea 

last 

lance 

vast 

scare 

bask 

dance 

task 

scarce 

class 

glance 

staff 

lair 

grass 

prance 

quaflf 

chair 

glass 

chance 

grasp 

wear 

clasp 

branch 

stanch 

swear 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


■i24^t€^  'eM'i 


i^^ni 


U€-^   4-€lt<^t   U^^g^dd 


■fZ-fZ^  d   /od'^  ^  ^^ 


'<^^  U^^ 


iZ4^e  <^^d^  e^U64. 


'l^  'tZiZ'^^^  / 


iS^^-^^^^^^^^^^^-^fe^-^^/^i^ 


^uuid 


*  a.  represents  one  of  the  finest  sounds  of  our  language,  and,  when  correctly  given, 
adds  much  to  the  beauty  of  oral  discourse.    Avoid  the  extremes  a  and  a. 

t  a  represents  the  first,  or  "radical,"  part  of  a,  touched  lightly,  without  the 
**  vanish,"  or  e  sound,    a  is  nearly  equivalent  to  e  prolonged  before  r~t  e  r. 


20 


Word  Lessons. 


p,  in  dp  (like  Wi  in  moon). 

To  the  pupiL — Be  careful  not  to  give  the  u  and  ew,  m  this  lesson, 
the  sound  of  u.    Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


p 

oo  =  p 

^  =  9, 

pu,  ew  =  c 

*lose 

woo 

ruse 

group 

tomb 

ooze 

sure 

wound 

move 

loose 

truce 

through 

prove 

noose 

brute 

grew 

whom 

soothe 

crude 

strew 

whose 

smooth 

spruce 

shrewd 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


g4uiA^  -n^   /ui^^  ^uu^  eM^H. 

G^^  d/^n^n^^  d^e^z^n  -^^^^^  /it^ntAi, 


*  Bo  careful  to  distingalsb,  In  pronunciation,  lose  and  loa^t.    In  the  former  « 
the  sound  of  «,  in  the  latter  its  nalpral  or  sharp  sound. 


A   Complete  Speller,  21 

11  in  pull  (like  00  in  wool). 

*ii  (ii  before  r)  in  fur  (like  0  in  work,  e  in  her,  i  in  sir), 
Direction. — Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


u  =  oo 

u,o 

e 

1 

full 

purr 

err 

stir 

soot 

durst 

fern 

dirge 

bush 

purse 

pert 

whirl 

push 

word 

herb 

mirth 

nook 

worm 

stern 

thirst 

shook 

worst 

verse 

squirm 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


Cy^'lyn  d^e^  -^^^pa  ^tP~M  //i^  ^^i 


^{Al-lled   €1   ^n^tT-u^-   4A^^^^    iz^mz 


^^1!^   €^niZ€  d€^ 


*  Between  u  and  e.     Some  careful  speakers  discriminate  between  u  (=  o)  a)id 
e  (=  1),  malting  the  former  a  modification  of  ii,  and  the  latter  of  e. 


22 


Word  Lessons, 


lLiEf;seN  )6. 

*oi  in  oil.  *OU  in  out. 

Direction.— Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


oi,  oy 

ou 

ou 

ow  =  ou 

hoist 

cloud 

scout 

scowl 

voice 

doubt 

scour 

frown 

quoit 

hound 

ounce 

crowd 

moist 

flounce 

slouch 

crown 

choice 

bounce 

shroud 

drowse 

cloy 

drought 

pounce 

browse 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 

C^  -a^cr^nt  ^^t€i4^t^  ^€^^(Zd  ^^  <!PC€^i^t4/n-fZ, 


ol  =  al,  and  ou  =  aip  (uot  &o). 


A   Complete  Speller,  23 

Review. 

Direction.— Copy  aii'   study  the  following  words. 


d€l^^^  i^^n^^^  'UTT^^  'tl 


Ad'tz^y^n^        ^c^^^{^       d^^e^uu^       d^yU^'m 


Direction. — Copy  the  following  stanza,  and  note  the  letters  standing 
for  the  sounds  you  have  learned. 


''The  Culprit  Fay.''— Drake, 


24 


Word  Lessons, 


Words  alike  in  sound  (homonyms). 


a,  a,  a,  a,  a. 

ate,  did  eafc. 
eight,  a  number. 

jam,   preserved    fruit  ;    to 

squeeze. 
jamb,  side-piece  of  a  door 

or  a  fire-place. 

hart,  a  male  deer. 
heart,  the  seat  of  life. 

all,  the  whole  of. 
awl,  a  pointed  tool. 

draft,  an  order  for  money  ; 

a  selection  of  men. 
draught,  act  of  drawing  ;  a 

drink  ;    a   current    of 

air. 


a,  e,  e,  i,  i. 


n  stare,  to  gaze, 
stair,  a  step. 

-,  read  a  book. 
reed,  a  slender  stalk. 

^  r6ad,  did  read. 
red,  a  color. 

Q  die,  to  expire  ;  a  stamp. 
dye,  a  color. 

knit, — with    needles  ;    to 
10        unite. 

nit,  the  ^gg  of  an  insect. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

They  never  fail  who  (9)  in  a  great  cause. — Byron.  (7)ing 
maketh  a  full  man. — Bacon.  Not  (4)  that  glitters  is  gold. — 
rr<mrb.    To  thcC  tho  (7)  is  as  the  oak. — Shakesjxare.     And  (4)  the 

world  would  (C). — Covrper.  A  beautiful  (8)  (9)  is  made  from 
the  bodies  of  insects.  As  the  (3)  panteth  after  the  water 
brooks. — Mbie.  To  sit  in  a  (5)  of  air  and  drink  (5)s  of  cold 
water.  (10)  stockings.  Broken  bones  will  (10).  A  flight 
of  (6)8.  We  (1)  breakfast  at  (1)  o'clock.  The  (10)  contains 
the  germ  of  life.  A  shoemalcer's  (4).  To  (2)  the  finger. 
Tho  (2)  of  the  door.  You  should  have  (8)  the  (5)  before 
cashing  it.     Look,  then,  into  thy  (3),  and  write. — LongfeUoir. 

To  Ihe  Teacher.— Tlic  copying  of  these  clHpUcnl  exercises  and  the  de- 
velopmcut  of  the  tliouphts  Miggctited  might  profitably  be  given  for  Bcparnte 
lessons. 


A    Complete  Speller, 


25 


Words  alike  in  sound  (homonyms). 

To  the  pupil. — Are  all  the  sounds  of  0  and  u  found  here  ? 


o,  o,  u. 

-J  fore,  in  front, 
four,  a  number. 

2  forth,  forward. 
fourth,  last  of  four. 

to  ;  as  in  "  to  write  to  me.'' 
q  too;  as  in  ^Hoo  much  for 
me  /oo." 
two,  a  number. 

.  threw  (ew  =  o),  did  throw, 
through  ;    as,    '*  through  a 
board  or  a  gate. " 

^  hew,  to  cut. 
hue,  color. 


ii,  u,  u  (5,  e,  i). 

n  sun,  the  source  of  light, 
son,  a  male  child. 

wood, —  from      trees  ;      a 
7        forest. 
would;    as,    ^^He    would 
not." 

j;^  fir,  a  tree. 
fur,  fine,  soft  hair. 

(.  earn,  to  gain, 
urn,  a  yase  or  yessel. 

^^  whirl,  to  turn  rapidly, 
whorl,  a  circle  of  leaves.   - 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 


(9)  rest  from  labor. — Miitm.  A  wise  (6)  maketh  a  glad 
father. — Bibu.  Let  not  the  (6)  go  down  upon  your  wrath. — 
BiMe.     There  is  a  pleasure  in  the  pathless  (7)s. — Byron.     Go 

(2)  under  the  open  sky. — Bi-yant.  (3)  proud  (3)  learn. — 
Cowley.     As  brown  in  (5)  as  hazel  nuts. — Shakef^i^eare.     (5)  thee 

(3)  tables  of  stone. — Bible.  I  (7)  not  live  alway. — Bible.  Passed 
like  a  shadow  (4)  the  field. — Tenmjson.  "The  glorious  (2)." 
The  (3)  (1)  feet  and  the  (3)  hind  feet  make  (1)  feet.  The 
pine  and  the  (8)  give  us  timber,  pitch,  tar,  etc.     The  sailors 

(4)  Jonah  into  the  sea.  The  (8)  trade  of  Alaska.  The  loud 
hissing  (9)  throws  up  a  steamy  column. — Con^per.  The  leaves 
grow  in  (10)s  around  the  stem.  Gray,  iron  skies  and  (10)s 
of  March  dust. — CaHuie. 


26  Word  Lessons, 


♦Signs  used  for  a. 

a  =  ai,  ay,  ei,  ey,  ea,  au. 

Direction. — Study  down  the  columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


a 

a 

a 

a 

brace 

quaint 

bray 

they 

glaze 

frail 

tray 

whey 

craze 

maim 

dray 

eyry 

plague 

strain 

ray 

break 

vague 

train 

skein 

great 

graze  chaise  freight  gauge 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 

OW^  ^^<n^  ^^-^-^^  ^  /^€i^^. 


C74€i4^  d^^dd^^  oa44/u  >u^^ juei^i^H-/. 

*  The  long  Bound  of  a  nlngle  vowol  followod  by  a  consonant  is  often  inciu  ;u<ii  uy  a 
final  c,  and  the  Hhort  by  Hie  absence  of  the  e  ;  as,  r(7/>« ,  «f/),  Mte^  hdt,  hdpe,  hdju  etc.; 
but  bdi/r  jind  hdrr  {ax  or  axr,  OiifW  ttdzt)  arc  oxc<'ption8. 

li  usually  has  no  Hubtttitules,  pidid  and  gvirunly  being  exceptionaL 


A    Complete  Speller. 


27 


Signs  used  for  a,  a,  and  k. 


a  —  iiu, 

ea. 

ua. 

a  =  aw. 

au. 

,  6u,  6,  eo,  oa. 

k  =  ai, 

ed, 

ei,  e. 

a 

a 

a 

k 

flaunt 

drawl 

thought 

flare 

launch 

law^n 

wrought 

lair 

taunt 

squaw 

gorge 

tear 

heart 

sprawl 

thorn 

hen* 

hearth 

daub 

broad 

where 

guard 

fraud 

George 

ere 

D.irection. — Copy  the  following.     Note  the  sounds  of  a  in  the  last 
two  lines. 


§M^4^/A 


/ 


^^^  d   iZ  ^t^ 


Cy/2^1^4^  ^^ndu^t^^  ^  /^^^/. 


-Hood. 


28 


Word  Lessons, 


Lejs]s©jm  2^. 

Signs  used  for  e  and  e. 

e  =  ea,  ee,  ie,  ei,  'i,  ey,  uay,  eo. 
e  =  ^a,  ai,  ^o,  a,  gi",  uS,  iS,  ay,  u. 


e 

e 

e 

e 

leaf 

fierce 

death 

many 

plea 

~  seize 

breath 

heif  er 

cease 

va  lise' 

said 

guess 

squeak 

key 

a  gain 

friend 

steer 

quay 

leop'ard 

says 

sneeze 

people 

a  ny 

bur'y 

Direction — Copy  the  following. 


Cy^t  A^  ^"l^i^u^  'i€i^^^^  4n€f'^y^  €Z  '^^^. 


A   Complete  Speller,  29 

Signs  used  for  i  and  i. 

i  =  y,  ie,  ui,  ei,  ye,  uy,  ai,  eye. 

i  =  y,  ui,  ee,  e,  u,  ie,  0. 


flight 

guide 

prince 

been 

writhe 

height 

since 

pretty 

lyre 

rye 

lynx 

En  glish 

style 

buy 

myth 

busy 

tie 

aisle 

build 

sieve 

pie 

eye 

guilt 

women 

Direction. — Copy  the  following, 

Cy-A^  ^ud^  A^MA^-  ^n€>   ^^^^^ 


C/^/  ^W^  4-^^^m^  /iud/  ^<n  /i^^i/n<:€.d. 


%^^^  pyie//^   -C^^l^M^^^^    ^^^^. 


30 

Word  Lessons. 

IiEgsejv  ^4. 

Signs  used 

for  5,  6,  p. 

O  =  oa,  ow,  OU; 

,  oe,  00,  ew,  eau. 

6  =  a,  dw. 

O  =  Ob,  11,  ou,  ( 

Bw,  iii,  ue,  oe. 

6 

* 
5 

6 

o 

brogue 

-gourd 

prompt 

scoop 

sword 

foe 

chaps 

prune 

shoal 

woe 

swamp 

tour 

goal 

floor 

swap 

screw 

sown 

door 

watch 

bruise 

bowl 

sew 

wand 

true 

court 

beau 

knowledge 

5   shoe 

(l^*^  ^^ 


Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


-ez'i 


e  ^^^fz^/  / 


C^^ip-UJt^c^^  oc^-medy  ^{AMiZ'tnn  ^^i4a^^^4d. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


31 


Signs  used  for  u,  u,  u,  u. 

U  =  ew,  ue,  eu,  tii,  ieti,  iew,  eau. 

ii  =  6,  ou,  60,  6e. 

U  =  00,  o,  ou. 

■3.  =  6,  i,  o,  ea,  ou,  y. — see  note  p.  21. 


u 

u 

u 

u 

clew 

once 

pull 

verge 

deuce 

sponge 

crook 

twirl 

sub  due' 

front 

wool 

world 

juice 

touch 

bosom 

earth 

a  dieu 

young 

worn  an 

hearse 

view 

blood 

could 

scourge 

beauty 

does 

should 

myrtle 

Direction.— Copy  the  following. 


J^'^r^^^u^  ^-€^-1^  ^m^tn^ / 


CyA-c  e-iZ'lM^i^  ^i<i  ji^t^ -t^ ^e^^i^u>. 


32  Word  Lessofis, 


Review. 

IMrection. — Copy  the  following  words. 

^ud^i       ^m€i^^      ^uur/^'ie^      ^^i7t{^^^ 


'r 


Direction. — Copy  the  following,  and  note  the  letters  standing  for 
sounds  you  have  learned. 


'ryiyfi^yv. 


Phoebe  Cary. 


A    Complete  Speller, 


ZZ 


IlEJSg 
Words  pronounced 

a. 

^  gait,  manner  of  walking. 
gate,  a  kind  of  door. 

grate,  to  rub  roughly ; — for 
2  afire, 

great,  large,  noble. 

o  hail,  frozen  rain  ;  to  salute. 
hale,  sound,  healthy. 

.  lain,  reclined. 
lane,  a  narrow  road. 

mail,    a    bag    of    letters ; 
5  armor, 

male,  a  lie-animal. 


alike  (homonyms). 

a. 

P  bare,  naked, 
bear,  an  animal ;  to  suffer. 

fair,   beautiful ;    just ;    a 
7        market. 
fare,  food  ;  cost  of  passage. 

^  hair, — of  the  head, 
hare,  an  animal. 

pair,  a  couple. 

9  pare,  to  cut  off. 

pear,  a  fruit. 

w  ^  their,  belonging  to  them, 
there,  in  that  place. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

Hark  !  the  lark  at  heaven's  (1)  sings. — Shahef^xire.  (3), 
holy  light ! — MUtmi.  To  (6)  is  to  conquer  our  fate. — CampbeU. 
None  but  the  brave  deserve  the  (7). — Bnjden.  The  very  (8)s 
of  your  head  are  all  numbered.  —Bible.  It  is  a  long  (4)  that 
has  no  turning. — Pt-overb.  The  (2)  fishes  eat  up  the  little 
ones. — Shakespeare.  The  (5)  bird  wears  the  finest  clothes.  We 
thouglit  him  strong  and  (3). — Swift.  Does  he  not  strut  in 
his  (1)  ? — Shakespeare.  The  grizzly  (6)  of  the  Rocky  Mount- 
ains. A  bright  fire  in  the  (2).  (2)  the  teeth.  Send  by 
(5).  We  paid  (10)  (7).  He  has  (4)  down.  The  trees  arc 
(6).  Coat  of  (5).  Coarse  but  healthful  (7).  (9)  the  apple. 
Ay,  (10)  is  the  rub. — Shakespeare.  An  old  (9)  tree.  Like  a 
(9)  of  loving  turtle  doves. — Shakespewe.     They  have  the  voice 

of  lions  and  the  act  of  (8)S. — Shakenj^are. 


To  the  Teacher. — Explain  the  more  difficult  expressions, 
of  these  quotations  might  be  given  for  a  separate  lesson. 
3 


The  copying 


34 


Word  Lessons, 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


^  ale,  a  kind  of  beer, 
ail,  to  be  ill. 

base,  very  mean ;  f  ounda- 

2  tion. 

baas,  a  part  in  music. 

brake,  for  stopping  wheels  ; 

3  a  fern  ;  a  thicket, 
break,  to  part  by  force. 

.  frays,  quarrels  ;  rubs, 
phrase,  related  words.  ^ 

g  main,  chief. 
mane,  long  hair  on  an  ani- 
mal's neck. 


9    ^* 

tare,  a  weed ;  weight  al 
6        lowed, 
tear,  to  pull  apart. 

-^  ware,  goods. 
wear,  to  have  on. 

g^  ball,  a  round  body. 
bawl,  to  shout. 

hall,   a  passage  way  ;    i 
9        large  room, 
haul,  to  drag  or  draw. 

^  ^  pause,  a  stop. 

paws,  feet  of  a  beast. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

All  creatures  look  to  the  (5)  chance. — VEdramje.  This  rock 
shall  fly  from  its  firm  (2)  as  soon  as  I. — Scon.  Like  a  dew- 
drop  from  the  lion's  (5). — Shakeiipeare.  The  (3)ing  waves 
dashei^  high. — Hemana.  We  (7)  a  face  of  joy. — Wordsioorth.  The 
deer  has  sought  the  (3). — Scoit.  The  parable  of  the  (6)s  of 
the  field.— iJiWf.  I  (10)  for  a  reply. — Shakespeare.  Bloody  (4). 
Faneuil  (9),  Boston.  What  can  (1)  him  !  A  good  (2) 
voice.  The  cloth  (4)  badly.  Do  not  (6)  away  thyself  from 
me. — sitakespeare.  Brew  (1)  from  barley  and  hops.  Apply 
the  (3),  and  stop  the  car.  A  neat  (4),  full  of  meaning. 
"Tin  (7)  to  mend."  Pitch  the  (8).  The  bear  strikes 
heavy  blows  with  his  (10).  Galling  his  kingly  hands  (9)ing 
ropes. — Shakexjxare.  A  little  cliild  was  (B)in^.  and  a  worniin 
chiding  it. — LTMrange. 

To  Ihe  Teaeher.— These  exercises  might  be  copied  for  a  separate  lesson. 
With  Kome  help  the  pupils  couM  prolHubly  chaiij^c  Home  of  th"  '••;->».>(;, ...o 
luto  their  own  language. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


35 


Words  pronounced 


a. 

.  nay,  no. 
neigh,  the  cry  of  a  horse. 

^  pail, — for  water,  etc. 
pale,  white. 

o  plait,  to  fold  ;  a  fold. 
plate,  a  dish. 

sail, — of  a  ship  ;   to  move 
4  througli  the  water. 

sale,  a  selling. 

^  slay,  to  kill, 
sleigh, — for    trayelling    on 
snow. 


0N   29. 

alike  (homonyms). 

Ci^    Oi^    a. 

air,  what  we  hreathe. 
n.  e'er,  ever, 
ere,  before, 
heir,  one  who  inherits. 

^  quarts,  more  than  one  qnart. 
quartz,  a  kind  of  rock. 

Q  aught,  anything. 

ought,  is  bound  by  duty. 

Q  arc,  a  part  of  a  circle, 
ark,  a  vessel. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  ivord  in  the  right  place. 

A  dewy  freshness  fills  tlie  silent  (6). — Southey.  The  (2), 
high-foaming  with  a  milky  flood.— Jbpe.  Let  (2)-faced  fear 
keep  with  the  mean-born  man. — suakeni^are.  Make  us  (6)s  of. 
all  eternity. — Shakespeare.  (7)  scratches  glass  easily. — Dana. 
Though  he  (5)  me,  yet  will  I  trust  him. — BiUe.  Come  down 
(6)  my  child  die. — Bible.  The  earth  being  round,  a  ship  must 
(4)  over  an  (9).  The  (])s  on  which  we  fed. — Dryden.  A 
ready  (4)  for  them. — Simi^r.  The  soldiers  (3)ed  a  crown  of 
thorns. — Bible.  The  (5)  of  the  Esquimau  is  drawn  by  dogs. 
I  tell  you  (1). — Bihie.  Eight  persons  were  saved  in  the  (9)o 
The  horses  (1).  Four  (7)  make  a  gallon.  The  question, 
wrangle  (6)  so  long,  is  only  this.  —Thi^.  These  things  (8) 
not  so  to  be.     But  go,  my  son,  and  see  if  (8)  be  wanting. — 

Addition. 


To  file  Teaclier. — Lead  the  pupils  to  put  into  tlieir  own  lan^age  the 
best  thoughts  here  suggested.     A  lesson  in  copying  might  be  added. 


36 


Word  Lessons, 


*A  Review  of  Marked  Letters. 


Direction. — Pronounce 
marked  letter.  Be  able  to 
same  way. 

1.  a,  long,  in  hate. 

2.  a,  short,  in  Mt. 

3.  a,  Italian,  in  far. 

4.  a,  hroad,  in  all. 

5.  a,  intermediate,  in 

6.  a,  Zow^  ^e/bre  r,  in 

1.  e,  long,  in  me. 

2.  e,  short,  in  mSt. 

1.  i,  long,  in  pine. 

2.  i,  s/ior^,  in  pin. 


the  word,  and  then  give  the  sound  of  its 
give  other  words  that  would  be  marked  in  the 


ask. 
care. 


1.  5,  long,  in  note. 

2.  6,  short,  in  n6t. 

3.  o  (like  long  oo)  in  dp. 

1.  li,  lo7ig,  in  tube. 

2.  ii,  short,  in  tub. 

3.  u.  (like  short  oo)  in  pnll. 

4.  u  (before  r)  in  fur. 

oi  and  oy  (unmarked  =  a!), 

in  oil,  toy. 
ou   and   o^w   (unmarked  = 

iiob),  in  out,  now. 


One  letter  used  for  another. 


a  =  6,  as  in  what. 
6  =  a,  as  in  wh§re,  h§ir. 
e  =  a,  as  in  eight, 
f  e  =  u  (nearly),  as  in  her. 
1  =  e,  as  in  police. 
i  =  u  (nearly),  as  in  sir. 
6  =  "Ci,  as  in  done. 
O  =  u,  as  in  wplf. 


O  =  a,  as  in  fSrm. 
O  =  U,  as  in  worm. 
oo  =  p,  as  in  moon. 
06  =  11,  as  in  wool 
U  r=  p,  as  in  rude, 
y  =  i,  as  in  fly. 
y    =  i,  as  in  mjth. 


•To  the  Tenclier.— The  ni,'c  and  ability  of  the  juipfl  mnst  determine  how 
mucli  of  Ihix  work  Khnuld  be  att«'mpted  here! 

The  iiinrkH  here  uiven  are  thowe  used  in  Webster's  dictionary,  except  A  and  ft. 
For  the  former  Webster  haw  n,  and  for  i\\i\  latter  he  hiis  no  mark. 

When  one  vowel  of  a  diphthong  Is  marked,  the  other  ia  silent. 

t  ik'c  note,  p.  21. 


A    Complete  Speller,  2>7 


Pronunciation. 

To  tlie  Teacher. — Children  learn  to  pronounce  by  imitation.  Much 
will  depend  on  your  own  practice. 

One  may  be  aided  in  getting  an  intermediate  sound  by  first  giving  the 
two  extremes ;  as,  a,  a,  a. 

These  lessons  in  pronunciation  should  be  frequently  repeated,  and  cor- 
rect pronunciation  should  be  insisted  on  in  the  pupil's  reading,  recitation, 
and  conversation. 


Direction — Practice  on  the  following  words  till  the  correct  pronun- 
ciation becomes  the  natural  one. 

aunt,    an,    ant,   path,   pat,    pass, 
bath,   bask,    balm,    brass,    calf,    cask, 
ciilm,    cast,    gape,    grasp,   lath,   last, 
palm,   pant,   psiilm,   past,    wrath,    waft, 
alms,   half,    siilve,    daunt,    haunt,   jiiunt, 
liiugh,    launch,    taunt,    jiiun'dice,    saun'ter, 
^al'mond,    so  pra'no,    advance',    aft'er,    alas', 
bas'ket,    blanch,    blast,    branch,   cast, 
chaff,    chance,    chant,    clasp,    class,    craft, 
con  trast',    dance,    draft,   fast,   flask, 
gasp,    ghastly,    glance,    glass,   grant, 
grass,   lass,    mask,   mass,   mast, 
pas'tor,    plas'ter,    prance,   past'ure,   quaff, 
raft,    raft'er,    rasp,    shaft,    slant, 
staff,    task,    trance,    vast,    mas'ter. 


Prouuiiciatlon.— 1  a'munil. 


38 

Word  Lessons, 

IlEJSSej\[    5^. 

Marked  Letters. 

Direction 

.. — Study  the  spelling,  the  pronunciation, 

and  the  marks. 

blaze 

blanch 

mince 

choose 

trait 

trance 

nymph 

suit 

lapse 

spare 

forge 

fetid 

have 

speech 

flown 

nudge 

cliarge 

guest 

bronze 

scrub 

vaunt 

blight 

botch 

bull 

bald 

lithe 

soup 

urge 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


A   Complete  Speller.  39 

Marked   Letters. 

One  letter  used  for  another. 

Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  to  use  these  words,  and  find  what 
sound  each  marked  letter  represents. 


squad 

jerk 

tongue 

worth 

squash 

germ 

shove 

brook 

their 

~po  lice' 

scorn 

rude 

ne'er 

ra  vine 

cork 

fruit 

deign 

dirt 

wolf 

g^iy 

0  bey' 

shirk 

worse 

—rhythm 

Direction. — Copy  the  following. 


/^       /  '/•///  '/' 


^^^^^^   4^^l^/m^€^   -n^H   ^^^'Mt4^  ^^yU- 


40  Word  Lessons, 


Pronunciation. 

Caution.— The  sound  of  o  in  tliese  words  is  betvreen  6  in  not  and 
a  in  nil.  Avoid  th.e  two  extreuies ;  tlie  former  is  considered  pedan- 
tic, and  tlie  latter  vuigar. 

Direction. — Practice  on  these  words  till  the  correct  pronunciation 
becomes  the  natural  one. 

off,   scoff,    coffee,   coffin,   office,   offer, 
broth,    froth,    cloth,    soft,   loft,   lost, 
cost,   frost,    oft'en,   cross,   loss,   moss, 
toss,   gloss,    dross,   gone,   long,    prong, 
song,   strong,   throng,    wrong,   mock. 


Caution.  K  =  yob.  After  d,  t,  I,  n,  ami  s,  it  is  not  easy  to  give  tikc 
j^  sound  ofu,ao  careless  speakers  say  dobty  and  toon  for  duty  and 
tune;  but  souie,  who  are  over-nice  or  aifected,  say  dyobty  and 
iyobn,  inalcin^  the  y  too  distinct.  Avoifl  hoth  extremes.  Good 
spealcers  touch  the  y  very  lightly,  or,  rather,  let  it  sink  into  a  very 
brief  e. 

Direction.— In  the  first  six  words  that  follow  make  the  y  sound  of  u 
distinct ;  in  the  others  touch  the  y  (or  the  e)  very  lightly. 

u'nit,   cube,   pu'ny,    pure,    mule,   mute, 
duke,   du'ty,    ad  duce',    flute,   lu'cid,    lure, 
nude,   nui'sance,    sue,    su'et,    suit, 
tune,   tu'tor,   Tues'day. 

Direction.— In  the  following  words  drop  the  y  sound  cntirolv.  nnd 
pronounce  u  and  ew  like  6b  (u  after  r,  sh,  eh). 

nulc,  rule,   ru'in,    ru'by,    ru'ral,    ru'mor, 
true,    truce,    truant,    ]>rute,    sure,    iis  sure', 
isVii'V    'In>\v.    ch<'\v,    i2fn'W,    hiMiisr,    fruit. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


41 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


-J  stake,  a  post ;  a  sum  risked, 
-^--'i,  a  slice  of  meat. 


rt  wade,  to  walk  in  water. 
weighed,  did  weigh. 

o  wait,  to  stay. 
weight,  heaviness. 

,  waist,  part  of  the  body. 
waste,  to  destroy. 

^  waive,  to  put  off. 
wave,  —  of    the    sea ;  — 
wave  the  hand,  etc. 


to 


10 


a  and  a. 

lade,  to  load. 
laid,  placed. 

rain,     water     from      the 

clouds, 
reign,  to  rule, 
rein,  for  a  horse. 

vale,  a  valley. 

veil  (or  vail),  a  covering. 

dam,  to  confine  water, 
damn,  to  condemn. 

tacks,  small  nails. 

tax,  a  government  charge. 


Direction. — Put  the  rigid  word  in  the  right  place. 

Learn  to  labor  and  to  (3). — Longfellow.  Down  the  lovely 
(8)  of  leisure. — Jean  ingeiow.  The  thirsty  earth  soaks  up  the 
(7). — Cowley.  Thou  art  (2)  in  the  balances.  — Bihk.  Birds 
that  (2)  have  long  legs  and  long  necks.  Haste  makes  (4). 
— Frmerh.  The  (8)  of  the  temple  was  rent. — Bible.  (9). no 
man  without  a  hearing.  England  may  as  well  (9)  up  the 
waters  of  the  Nile  with  bulrushes. — Mm.  ChM.  (10)  for  the 
carpet.  A  (1)  for  dinner.  A  (1)  for  the  vine.  A  belt  for 
the  (4).  Colts  and  cliildren  need  a  steady  (7).  In  the  (7) 
of  George  III.  a  (10)  was  (6)  on  tea.  Bend  under  any  (3). 
— -ShAke/ipeare.  TVc  will  (5)  our  claim.  Do  not  (6)  the  memory 
with  worthless  freight.  "A  life  on  the  ocean  (5)."  And 
the  star-spangled  banner,  0  long  may  it  (5)  ! — F.  S.  Key. 


To  tlie  Teacher. — For  auf^tjierr  exercise,   the    pupils   inij^ht   eo]»y    the 
quotations  above.     Help  them  to  study  tlie;tliouglit  and  the  language. 


42 


Word  Lessons, 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


e. 

beach,  shore, 
beech,  a  tree. 

beat,  to  strike. 
beet,  a  vegetable. 

beer,  a  drink. 

bier,  a  frame  for  carrying 
the  dead. 

creak,    to    make    a    liarsh 

sound, 
creek,  a  small  stream  or  bay. 

dear,  costly  ;  beloved. 
deer,  an  animal. 


e. 

P  feat,  an  exploit, 
feet,  more  than  one  foot. 

^  flea,  an  insect. 
flee,  to  run  away. 

o  heal,  to  cure, 
heel,  a  part  of  the  foot. 

(.  key, — for  a  lock, 
quay  (or  key),  a  wharf. 

^^  knead,  to  work  dough, 
need,  to  want. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

With  stories  told  of  many  a  (6). — MUton.  At  the  foot  of 
yonder  nodding  (1). — (-imy.  Be  ye  followers  of  God,  as  (5) 
children. — liibU.  The  timbers  (4)  and  the  roaring  waves  (^) 
upon  the  (1).  Sugar  is  sometimes  made  from  the  wliite  (2). 
(3)  is  made  from  malt  and  hops.  The  boat  left  the  (9)  and 
dropped  down  the  (4).  On  the  (3)  we  are  all  equal.  (10) 
bread  with  the  hands  before  baking.  **  A  (7)  in  tlie  ear." 
(G)  was  I  to  the  lame. — Bme.  "VVe  may  (7)  some  evils  ;  some 
we  must  crush  under  the  (8).  The  male  (5)  has  branching 
horns.  The  (9)8  of  the  kingdom  of  heaven. — mbic.  Physi- 
cian, (8)  thyself.  — Av'./...      TT''    <lv«t    ^   dnun   (10)  fear  no 

fall. — Buuyan. 


To  lh«  Teaclirr.— These  elliptic 
•ous  in  copying  and  in  compoMtion 


II    rurni^h 


A    Complete  Speller. 


43 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


e 

^  leaf, — of  a  tree,  book,  etc. 
lief,  willingly. 

a  leak,  to  trickle  in  or  out. 
leek,  a  plant. 

meat,  animal  food  ;  food. 
3  meet,    to    come    together  ; 
suitable. 
mete,  to  measure. 

.  peace,  quiet. 
piece,   a  part ;    a  composi- 
tion. 

^  peal,  a  loud  noise.       [bark, 
peel,  to  strip  off  the  skin  or 


e 

n  bread,  food. 
bred,  brought  up. 

„  cell,  a  small  close  room, 
sell,  to  give  for  money. 

o  lead,  a  metal, 
led,  did  lead. 

^  rest,  quiet ;  remainder, 
wrest,   to    pull    away    by 
twisting. 

-J  ^  berry,  a  small  fruit. 

bury,  to  put  underground. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  iii  the  right  place. 

Men  are  (8)  by  trifles. — Napdeon.  (6)  is  the  staff  of  life. 
— Swiji.  Flights  of  angels  sing  thee  to  thy  (9)  ! — Shakeqxare. 
I  (10)  all  unkindness. — SMkeqieare.  I  will  make  him  an  help 
(3)  for  him. — Bible.  Extremes  (3). — Proverb.  The  (1)  feeds 
from  the  earth  and  the  air.  The  (2)  is  the  emblem  of 
Wales.  A  gentleman  well  (6). — Shakespeare.  With  what 
measure  ye  (3). — Bible.  W^e  pare  apples  and  (5)  oranges. 
To  (7)  one's  life  dearly.  The  guilty  secret  Avill  (2)  out. 
The  secret  (9)ed  from  me. — miton.  The  hermit's  (7).  Break 
into  (4)s.  The  (4)  of  nature  is  broken  by  a  (5)  of  thunder. 
His  (3)  was  locusts  and  wild  honey. — Bible.  The  roasted  (10) 
of  the  coffee  tree.  I  have  a  soul  of  (8). — siiake>^are.  I  had 
as  (1)  be  a  Scotchman. — Junius. 


To  tlie  Teacher.— Help  tlie  pupils  to  grasp  the  thoughts  found  here. 
An  additional  lesson  in  copying  might  be  given. 


44  Word  Lessons, 


Some  of  the  Distinguished  Literary  Men  of 
America. 


\/M^iyU€l''^n    ^^^{^^^    ((^^U^'^/. 

J/iZ^mdd  UwdAe^  ,^Jy€n{/^^. 


I  joiiyjt'ilow. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


45 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


w   one,  a  number. 
won,  gained. 

Q  beau,  a  gay,  foppish  man. 
bow,  something  curved. 

o  boar,  a  male  swine. 
bore,  to  make  a  hole. 

,  been,  existed. 
bin,  a  box. 

g  rye,  a  grain. 
wry,  twisted. 

n,  choose,  to  select. 
chews,  does  chew. 


berth,  sleeping  place  in  a 
7         ship. 
birth,  coming  into  life. 

n  choir,  a  band  of  singers. 
quire,   twenty-four  sheets 
of  paper. 

f.  bough,  a  branch. 
bow,  to  bend  ;  a  bending ; 
front  part  of  a  ship. 

1^  coarse,  rough, 
course,  way,  career. 


IDirection. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

Best  things  are  hardest  (1).  (1)  touch  of  nature  makes 
the  whole  world  kin. — Shakc!<peare.  The  Saxong  hunted  the 
wild  (3).  The  (2)  advanced  with  a  graceful  (9).  I  do  set 
my  (2)  in  the  cloud. — Bible.  A  (5)  face.  A  (4)  of  (5).  Men 
(3)  into  the  ground  for  oil.  We  have  (4)  learners  from  our 
(7).  .  We  (6),  but  God  directs  our  (10).  My  (7)  was  near 
the  (9)  of  the  vessel.  Twenty  (8)s  make  a  ream.  A  rumi- 
nant animal  (G)  the  cud.  The  song  birds  ai*e  nature's  (8). 
To  copy,  in  my  (10)  English,  his  beautiful  expressions. — 
Dryden.    Superfluous  branches  we  lop  away,  that  bearing  (9)s 

may  live. — Shakespeare. 


To  the  Teacher. — The  elliptical  expressions  may  profitably  be  copied 
for  a  separate  lesson.     Let  the  pupils  talk  about  the  thoughts  suggested. 


46 


Word  Lessons, 


IlEggSN    48. 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


J  dew,  moisture  from  the  air 
due,  owing ;  j^roper. 

2  doe,  a  female  deer, 
dough,  paste  for  baking. 

ewe,  ji  female  slieep. 

3  you,  person  spoken  to. 
yew,  a  kind  of  tree. 

^  flew,  did  fly. 

flue,  a  passage  for  smoke. 

K  flour,  ground  grain. 
flower,  a  blossom. 


P  foul,  dirtj  ;  unfair, 
fowl,  a  bird. 

*,  gilt,  gold  leaf, 
guilt,  sin,  crime. 

^  groan,  a  deep  moan, 
grown,  increased. 

f.  heard,  did  hear. 
'   herd  of  cattle. 

iQ  pray*  to  entreat. 
prey,  plunder. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

On  hanging  cobwebs  shone  the  (1). — Jean  Lujeiow.  Behold 
the  (6)s  of  the  air. — Bible.  (6)  deeds  will  rise. — Shakesiieare. 
When  spring  unlocks  the  (5)s  to  paint  the  laughing  soil. — 
H^)er.  The  Lord  will  not  hold  him  (7)less  that  taketh  his 
name  in  vain. — Bible.  Politeness  is  the  (7)  of  conduct.  The 
(3)  is  common  in  English  churchyards.  Do  (3)  (10)  to  be  (9) 
only  by  men  ?  Respect  is  (1)  to  tlie  aged.  A  word  spoken 
in  (1)  season.— i?i6/e.  A  (9)  of  (3)s  and  (3)8.  We  (8)  under 
our  load  of  (7).  A  swallow's  nest  in  the  (4).  Large  wars 
have  (8)  out  of  petty  quarrels.  Bolting  separates  the  bran 
from  the  (5).  The  word  (4)  from  mouth  to  mouth.  My 
cake  is  (2). — Sfiakeximre.  Fox  ill  stealth,  wolf  in  greediness, 
dog  in  madness,  lion  in  (10). — shaki-K/xfare. 


To  the  Teacher. — Theso  olllptfcal  ox«;rciscs  will  ftiniiah  nmlftT  for 
a«l<litl()mil  luHsons.  The  pupils  may  write  or  talk  alxmt  the  tboughts  here 
BugKosted. 


A   Cotnplete  Speller, 


A7 


Le^5®N  4]. 


Words  pronounced  alike  (homonyms). 


holy,  sacred. 
wholly,  entirely. 

kill,  to  take  life. 
kiln,  a  large  oven. 

knight,  a  title  of  honor, 
night,  time  of  darkness. 

know,  to  understand. 
no,  a  word  of  denial. 

lie,  to  rest ;  to  deceive, 
lye,  from  ashes. 


n  links, — of  a  chain, 
lynx,  an  animal. 

^  sea,  ocean, 
see, — with  the  eyes. 

r,  some,  a  part ;  a  few. 
sum,  amount. 

f^  weak,  feeble. 
week,  seven  days. 

I^  yoke, — for  oxen, 
yolk,— of  an  Qgg. 


Direction — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

Heaven  (5)s  about  us  in  our  infancy. — Wonimm-th.  I  alone 
of  all  the  Greeks  (4)  that  I  (4)  nothing. — Socrates.  (4)  man 
is  (1)  bad.  Love  is  (1). — Shakespeare.  You  Cannot  (2)  the 
truth.  Thine  own  true  (3),  by  day  or  (3). — Sfmkefipeare.  The 
(9)s  are  (6)  in  the  chain  of  the  year.  Character  is  the  (8) 
of  conduct.  Bricks  are  baked  in  a  (2).  (5)  unites  with  fat 
to  form  soap.  We  (7)  our  own  faults  with  a  bat's  eyes,  our 
neighbor's  with  the  eyes  of  a  (6).  As  brooks  make  rivers, 
rivers  run  to  (7)s.—B,'yden..  Strengthen  ye  the  (9)  hands.— 
Bible.  (10)  is  the  same  as  yelk.  Who  best  bear  his  mild 
(10),  they  serve  him  hest.—MiUon.     (8)  said,  *^  John,  print 

it  ;  "  others  said,   "  Not  so." — John  Bunyan. 


To  tlie  Tenctter. — Additional  lessons  based  on  these  elliptical  exercises 
are  suggested  here,  as  before. 


Word  Lesson 


s. 


Review. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word. 

1.  One  man's  pleasure  is  another's  (pane,  pain). 

2.  (Stile,   style)   in  dress  should   be    governed  hj   good 

(scents,  sense,  cents). 

3.  ''(Their,  there)  graves  are  green,  they  may  be  seen," 

the  little  (maid,  made)  replied. — Wordmorth. 

4.  All  (grate,  great)  men  are  in   (some,  sum)  degree  in- 

spired.—  Cicero. 

5.  Then   might'st  tliou  (tare,  tear)    thy   (liair,  hare). — 

HhaheiqKftre. 

6.  Many  sounds  are  so  shrill  that  we  do  (not,  knot)  (hear, 

here)  them. 

7.  A  bruised  (read,  reed)  shall  he  not  (brake,  break). — 

Bme. 

8.  Nearly  (all,  awl)  the  men  able  to  (bare,  bear)  arms  had 

(bin,  been)  (draft,  draught)ed  into  service. 

9.  The  human  (hart,  heart)  is  a  complete  force-pump. 

10.  When  heroes  (die,  dye),  the  people  mourn. 

11.  Hurrah  !  for  the  (read,  red),  white,  and  (blue,  blew)  ! 

12.  There  are  295  (stairs,  stares)  in  the  Bunker  Hill  monu- 

ment. 

13.  (Four,  fore)  pecks  make  (one,  won)  bushel. 

14.  (Threw,  through)the  clouds  of  to-day  shines  the  bright- 

ness of  the  morrow. 

15.  Priu]cnt  living  loads  to  (hail,  hale)  old  age. 
IG.  A  (bass,  base)  iiaturo  desj)ises  beauty. 

17.  The  liones*  has  no  (mane,  main). 

18.  It  is  bettor  (two,  too,  to)  (wear,  ware)  out  than  to  rust 

out. 

19.  Some  English  mansions  arc  called  (hauls,  ImllsV 

20.  The  gift  without  tlic  giver  is  (bare,  bear). 


A    Complete  Speller,  49 


Review. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word. 

1.  They  also  serve  who  only  stand  and  (wait,  weight). — 

Milton. 

2.  The  Lord  shall  (rein,  rain,  reign)  forever. — BiUe. 

3.  Beneath  my  (feet,  feat)  the  (whirl,  whorl)ing  billows 

fly.  — Bype. 

4.  He  (pray,  proy)eth  best  who  loveth  best. — Coleridge. 

5.  The  (pail,  pale)  light  of  the  moon  is  reflected  from  the 

(sun,  son). 

6.  The  (waist,  waste)ful  man  shall  live  to  want. 

7.  A  (vale,  vail,  ,veil)  of  mist  enveloped  the  mountain. 

8.  A  willing  (heart,  hart)  adds  feather  to  the  (heel,  heal). 

— Joanna  Bailli/6. 

9.  The  (leaf,  lief)  supplies  food  for  the  (bury,  berry). 

10.  (Lead,  led)  is  (won,  one)  of  the  (base,  bass^)  metals. 

11.  The  (meet,  meat)  of  (fouls,  fowls)  is  delicate. 

12.  Genoa  was  the  (birth,  berth)place  of  Columbus. 

13.  His  (bare,  bear)d   (bows,  boughs)  were  (beet,  beat)en 

with  storms, — Spemer. 

14.  The  heaviest  (dues,  dews)  fall  on  clear  (nights,  knights). 

15.  Take  my  (yolk,  yoke)  upon  you. — Bible. 

16.  The  (grown,  groan)ing  ship  (flew,  flue)  over  the  (sea, 

see). 

17.  We  are  never  (two,  too,  to)  old  (too,  to,  two)  learn. 

18.  Eaten  (bread,  bred)  is  soon  forgotten. — Prwa-h. 

19.  (Their,  there),  at  the  foot  of  yonder  nodding  (beach, 

beech).  —  Gray. 

20.  Lovely  (flowers,  flours)  are  the  smiles  of  God's  good- 

ness.—  WUberforce. 


so  Word  Lessons. 


IlEgJSeN   44. 

Birds. 

To  the  pupil 

L — Find  out  what  you  can  about  each  of  these  birds. 

owl 

quail            pig'eon 

o'ri  ole 

crow 

stork            par  rot 

par  tridge 

wren 

grouse          spar  row 

blue-jay 

gull 

thrush          swal  low 

bob  0  link 

dove 

ea'gle           cuck  oo     - 

-  chick  a  dee 

swan 

rob  in           os  trich 

—  night  in  gale 

liawk 

tur  key         ca  na'ry 
IlEggaN  4^. 

—whip-poor-will 

What  birds  do  and  have. 

coo 

war'ble            whir 

claw 

caw 

twit  ter           poise 

beak 

chirp 

whis  tie          perch 

plu'mage 

cheep 

hov  er             tal'on 

feath  ers 

carol 

mi  grate          pin  ion 

giz  zard 

Direction. — Copy  the  following,  and  study  the  spelling. 

(^       .  .  y.  /    -^  y  .         //       ^  / 

^'  The  Oefiturtf''* 

To  the  Tencher.— These  lists  contain  only  those  familiar  terms  which 
the  pupil  is  liable  to  niistspell ;  they  are  not  iuteudcd  to  be  <>vh  ii,<!iv<.  it 
may  be  of  interest  and  prolit  to  let  the  i)upils  add  to  them. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


51 


IlEggajM   46. 

Parts  of  the  Body. 

eye 

head 

knee               thumb 
— wiist              throat 

-lar'ynx 
knuck  le 

nail 

pulse             breast 

stom  ach 

tooth 
cheek ' 

palm              tongue 
•          thigh             nerves 

^fore'head 
shoul  der 

brain 

scalp              an'kle 

skel  e  ton 

beard 

skuU              pal  ate 

IiEggeN  47. 

mus  tache' 

What  we  Wear, 

coat 

skirt             a'pron 

rib 'bon 

shoe 

shawl           bon  net 

pet  ti  coat 

hose 
glove 

basque     —pin  a  fore 
jack'et         col  lar 

o'ver  alls 
^hand  ker  chief 

shirt 

mit  ten        trou  sers 

pan  ta  loons' 

cloak 

gai  ter         era  vat' 

^po  lo  naise 

Direction.— Copy  the  following. 

■^  /^ 


^yi^ 


^^  y^^^^:^,    -/Z'-z7-2^  --^/z^-^-e^  -a^i^'Cru/- /     -^ 
W^  -T^-lyfyty^/l^e^^  t^-G-  ^t^C-^^^  d^^Z^'?^.  —Bible. 


Pronunciation.— I  for'ed.    ^  hang'ker  chlf.    3  po  lo  naz'. 


52 

Word  Lessons, 

IlEg50]\[  4S. 

What  we  Eat. 

Meat,                                                     „^^^i8h. 

* 

chop 

mut'ton             eel 

sar'dine 

lamb 

-sir  loin              smelt 

stur  geon 

loin 

sau  sage            perch 

mack  er  el 

beef 

kid  ney             'salm'on 

shrimp 

veal 

ven  i  son         -hal  i  but 

oys'ter 

steak 

poult  ry          Jier  ring 
IlESSejM   49. 

Yegetahles. 

mus  sel 

kale 

tur'nip           ^sj^in'ach 

cress 'es 

on 'ion 

cab  bage         eel  er  y 

sal  si  fy 

gar  lie 

pars  nip          mus  tard 

ar  ti  choke 

.  car  rot 

pars  ley          chic  o  ry 

pump  kin 

» rad  isb 

^gher  kin         po  ta'toes 

can  li  flow  er 

let  tuce 

cu  cum  ber    to  ma  toes 

IiEjsgejv  S0. 

-^s  par 'a  gus 

Truits, 

NuU, 

quince 

ba  na'na        blue'ber  ry 

~  pe  can' 

lime 

cit'ron         ^Vhort  le  ber  ry     fil'bert 

lem'on 

rai  sin       (orshuck  le  ber  ry 

pea  nut 

mel  on 

a  pri  cot       ^goose  ber  ry 

wal  nut 

or  ange 

cur  rant        Vas])  ber  ry 

^al  mond 

ber  ry 

nee  tar  ine    pome  grftn 'ate     Vhest  nut 

Pronnnrladon.— ^pjtm'un.    » ICt'tis.    •giir'kin.    <  Bpln'ej.    '  hwurt'l.    •gooz. 
'nU.    "il'mund.    'chCs'nut. 


A    Complete  Speller, 


53 


Review. 


dA^<n€i€^ 


^dA^ad^^-u^d 


4U 


^^ 


Ai^i^i9-n- 


€1-14^ 


^^ 


toast 
cheese 
gru'el 
cook  y 
waf  ile 


Various  Articles  of  Food. 


sal'ad 

lion  ey 
bis  cuit 


om'e  let 
muf  iin 
cus  tard 
chow  der 


suc'co  tash 
sand  wich 
dough  nut 
mar  ma  lade 


catch  up  (o?)     dump  ling      sour-crout  w) 


eriil  ler      cat  sup  por  ridge        sour-krout 


54        1 

WS^d  Lessons. 

IlE5g0]\I   53. 

Relating  to  Food  and  Drink. 

mace 

so'da 

mo  las'ses 

coffee 

gin'ger  --.  sal  e  ra'tus 

all 'spice 

^co  coa 

su  gar 

vin'e  gar 

cin  na  mon 

choc  o  late 

sir  up 

horn  i  ny 

chow  chow 

break  fast 

su  et 

tap  i  o'ca 

mac  a  ro'ni 

Vict  uals 

yeast     — 

-gelatine 

ver  mi  eel  li 

lunch  eon 

IiEgges  54. 

The 

Horse,  etc. 

balk 

race 

^coup6 

girth 

rear 

champ 

chaise 

crup'per 

snort 

neigh 

bug'gy 

-  stir  rup 

pace 

can'ter 

car  riage 

pom  mel 

plunge 

^^whin  ny 

pha  e  ton 

*breech  ing 

am'ble 

gal  lop 

sulk  y 

-sur  cin  gle 

IlEggON    55. 

Relatives. 

The  Wind. 

fa'tlier 

niece 

breeze 

cy 'clone 

moth  er 

neph'ew 

squall 

si  moon' 

pa  pa' 

cons  in 

gale 

ty  phoon 

niani  niii 

(laugh  ter 

zephyr 

tor  na  do 

uncle 

broth  er 

tern  pest 

whirl'wind 

aunt 

kin  dred 

hur  ri  cane 

*bliz  zard 

Prouuiiclatlou.— 1  kD'ko.    '  vU'l^     »  koo  p;T.    «  brlch'lnjj. 
♦  A  "tKid'-v  w.wm- -'<•>••••«    .,.-.,.....».... I. w!  hy  H  hiirricnnc  rM"!  «>vtr<.nic  cold. 


A    Complete  Spellei\ 


55 


liE^geM  ^6. 


curb 
gut'ter 
al  ley 
sew  er 
a  i*e  a 


may 'or 
av  e  nue 
rail  ing 
hy  drant 
hos  pi  tal 


The  City, 
sa  loon' 
ten'e  ment 
pave  ment 


ca  the'  dral 
me  trop  o  lis 
em  po  ri  um 


lamp-post    —  res'tau  rant 
mu  §e'um       ^aq  ue  duct 


awn  ing   pre  cinct         om'ni  bus      ^reservoir 


The  House— without  and  within, 

at 'tic  beartb  clos'et 

gar  ret  cor 'nice  li  bra  ry 

kitch  en  ceil  ing  bal  us  ter 

par  lor  man  tel  bal  us  trade 

eel  lar  ^cup  board  chim  ney 

fur  nace  laun  dry  par  ti'tion 


eaves 
porch 
pi  az'za 
ve  ran  da 
bal'co  ny 
wain  scot 


um 
chi'na 
cast  er 
cru  et 
ba  sin 
tu  reen' 


Things  in  the  House. 

ket'tle  pitch 'er  bu'reau 

can  is  ter  sau  cer  scis  sors 

crock  er  y  scut  tie  mir  ror 

dredg  er  'bel  lows  cur  tain 

giid  i  ron  bed  stead  mat  tress 

col  an  der  cov  er  let  ot  to  man 


Pronunciation.— '  itk'wc  dQkt.     '  rex  er  vwOr'.     3  kub'iird.     ■'bSl'Ias. 


56  Word  Lessons. 

Home. 

Direction. — Co[)y  and  study. 
^2^'M^C''tye'    'It-'/^    'A^try^T^-e'.  —J.  Howard  Payne. 

t''yt'^-^2ytr^i-'0€'  ^crA  ^'A^  -tZ^^^^C^t?-?^ . —Wasihingtini  Irviiuj. 
-t^yi^  Al't^d'  Al^-O-T^yi^.  —Goethe. 

iJ    '/l^l^l^'f^^r^ui^.  —Hare. 


'Ci'  xyAi^^^  't^yi-    *^  -i^f^^^W^     "t^iyt^    "iz-'&r^'id    'C^e/, 


A   Complete  Speller, 


57 


IiEgS0N  68. 

Review. 

diZ^PO^ 

4/^i:/^€?>U 

d/M4u^ 

■y 

-^^^^^^/^^ 

4^^d^4-4A^iU4 

/u4^€^^ 

0^^^f4^ 

du4i:4yn^^^ 

LEggeN  6j. 

d^OUdtHd 

Building. 

Material.                                                       Tools. 

lath§            screw               adz  or  adze   trow'el 
H'ron             knob                plane              hatch  et 

mor  tar 
cem  ent 
bat  tens 
shin  gle 

joist 
gird', 
scani 
^clap 

square 
er             lathe 
:  ling       bev'el 
board      mal  let 

chis  el 
gim  let 
au  ger 
com  pass  es 

Pronunciation.—^  T'um.    2  klab'burd. 


58 


Word  Lessons, 


ot'ter 
rab  bit 
wea  sel 
hy  e'na 
gi  raff  e 
ga  zelle 


Wild  Animals. 

^cliam'ois  er'mine       -^  j^ck'al 

monk  ey  leop  ard     — •  rhi  noc'e  ros 

rein  deer  squir  rel      --^ich  neu  mon 

an  te  lope  el  e  pliant      ea  mel  o  pard 

^bab  oon'  rac  coon'         o  pos  sum 

go  ril  la  kan  ga  roo'  -o  rang'-ou  tang' 


llEggeN   6aJ. 

Trees. 

elm 

palm 

pop'lar 

ma  hog'a  ny 

birch 

cy 'press 

hick  o  ry 

pal  met  to 

spruce 

eb  0  ny 

hem  lock 

ai  Ian  tus 

ol'ive 

holly 

plant  ain 

syc'a  more 

CO  coa 

ban  yan 

al  der 

ar'bor-vi'ta^ 

ce  dar 

^chest  nut     ca  tal'pa 
IlEggON  64. 

lig'num-vi'tfB 

Water. 

Namet. 

Actions. 

QnaliHea. 

creek 

purl 

seethe 

pure 

rap 'ids 

surge 

gur'gle 

clear 

riv  u  let 

spirt 

bub  ble 

tur'bid 

cat  a  ract 

spout 

spark  le 

lim  pid 

fount  ain 

foam 

rip  pie 

crys  tal 

cas  cad^' 

ed'dy 

trick  le 

trans  par'ent 

Pronnnclatlon.— )  sMtn'my.    'Ikntl'mon.    "chPp. 


A    Complete  Speller,  59 


Earth,  Sea,  and  Sky. 

Direction. — Copy  and  study  tlie  following. 


-^^^  d'fl'&'th'/i^^tyc^  'Cn^tyf  ^-t^Jy^t^^t^-e^  ^-t^^yy?.,  t^-y-^iyr/  '^^^^ 

•2^-^%^-^/    ^l^ft^-e/iy^   "UJ-^^-^A^-e-  d-^-r^  -nyrz^'t^  d-^^   ^yj^e-^ / 

yt^'J^l^    'OlT^tyld  /     €^^    ^lA/-l?-t7-r^  £2>z^^^^^/     ^t^lyyiyC^    '/l^d 
^-e^e^'l^    dtz^^^^-^     -^^.  (i:^;^^^    ^yi.'C^^t^l^'   ^i^t^d 

^n^     ^"l-e-t^-t^    'yi^-v^t^  ■C'-yi-uA^-c-'yi^ ,   -t^yz-   -z^j-^t^-c-yi-   'ti-'e'-e^d 

J/      ^  //  ^ 


1A 


Hanf,  Christian  Andersen. 


To  the  Teaclier.— Help  the  pupil  to   see  the  picture  which  Andersen 
here  draws. 


6o 

Word  Lessons, 

liEgSGJM  66. 

The 

Country. 

field 

knoll 

verd'ure 

cot'tage 

stream 

plain 

ter  race 

buck  et 

shmbs 

bri'ers 

mead  ow 

or  chard 

swamp 

gar  den 

past  ure 

hill  ock 

ridge 

for  est 

quar  ry 

mount  ain 

woods 

val  ley 

prec  i  pice 

pig-sty 

•      IlEggejSI  67. 

The  Farm. 

hoe 

scythe 

siek'le 

drain 

spade 

mow'er 

wag  on 

ditch 

flaii 

era  die 

bar  row 

fur'row 

plow  (0^) 

reap  er 

crow-bar 

dai  ry 

plough 

thrash  er 

ox  en 

man  ger 

trough 

har  row 

eat  tie 

gran  a  ry 

IlESSON  6S. 

The 

J  Farm. 

Kinds  of  land. 

Fertilizers. 

Things  produced. 

ar'a  ble 

ster'ile 

^gua'no 

swath 

fer  tile 

bar  ren 

muck 

Vind'row 

till  a  ble 

boggy 

ma  nure' 

*row  en 

fruit  ful 

sand  y 

com 'post 

fod  der 

loam  y 

elay  ey 

gyp  sum 

pr5d  uce 

marsh  y 

fa  low 

phos  phate 

*aft  er  math 

Pronunciation.— >  gwU'nO.    « wln'rO.  ♦  Second  growth  of  grass  In  a  season. 


A   Complete  Speller.  6i 

ItE^gejSI  69. 

Direction. — Copy  and  study  the  following. 


Q^7-7^i^    /A-€^     (3^^t?-C4yyiy^t^M^ 


't?-My    -t^^iy-e-    ^7-^2ytrt    d^'O'    d-TMy-g^^    -Z^^^ 


"^Emerson. 


62 

Word  Lessons, 

l£EgJ5G]\[  70. 

Review. 

<pu.CiZ'm.€^i^ 

A^^^j^^i^ce 

Pertaining  to  Numbers 

>. 

Direction. — Study  the  spelling  ;  copy  the  line  in  script. 

first             trip'le              fifth 
sin'gle         tliir  teen         fifteenth 
sec  ond       thir  ti  eth       eighth 
doub  le       four  teen         eight 'eenth 
three           for  ty              eight  i  eth 
tliird           for  ti  eth        nine  ty 

nine'ti  eth 
twelve 
twelfth 
hun'dred 
thou  sand 
mill  ion 

y/d/^     J$.^^ 

J^     ^^     ^00' 

^       y/Oy/d/, 

*  No  jieriofl  1m  pluri;d  uftur  thcso  cxpressionH— they  aro  not  trcatt'il  na  nblirevi- 

atinii-. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


63 


Abbreviations  * — States. 

Direction. — Study  the  spelling  of  the  words,  and  copy  the  abbrevia- 
tions.    Notice  the  period  after  each  abbreviation. 


Al  a  ba'ma,  QJ^^-tz. 

^Ar  kan'sas,  G^^. 

Cal  i  f or'ni  a,  ^^iz/^ 

Col  o  ra'do,  /^^^. 
Con  nect'i  cut,  ^^^z^^. 

Del'a  ware,  <^^^i 
Flor'i  da, 
Geor'gi  a, 
II  li  nois', 


'■tz. 


Indi 


ana. 


I'o  wa, 

Kansas, 

Ken  tuck'y,      ^2^^. 


^2€tz-^td. 


ci. 


Lou  i  §i  a'na, 

Maine, 

Ma'ry  land, 

Mas  sa  chu'setts, 

Mi^li'i  gan, 

Min  ne  so'ta, 

Mis  sis  sip  pi, 

Mis  sou'ri, 

Ne  bras'ka, 

Ne  va'da, 

NewHamp'sMre, 

New  Jersey,       Cyf. 

jSew  York, 


-ezdd. 


*In  this  and  the  next  lesson  we  give  the  abbreviations  of  the  States  and  Territories, 
as  now  regulated  by  the  "U.  S.  Official  Postal  Guide." 

The  similarity,  when  rapidly  written  of  the  abbreviations  Cal.^  Col.;  la.,  lo.;  Nd).^ 
Nev.,  etc.,  has  been  the  occasion  of  much  confusion. 

^  or  Ar'kan  saw.    The  State  Legislature  has  made  this  the  legal  pronunciation. 


64 


Word  Lessons, 


Abbreviations— States  and  Territories. 

Direction. — Study  the  spelling  of  the  words,  and  copy  the  abbrevia 
tions.     Notice  the  period  after  each  abbreviation. 


Noi-tli  .      . 

CaroH'na,    c/f.  ^, 


Ohio, 

Or'e  gon,  €y^e 

Penn  syl  va'-  L/ii. 


Khode  Isl'and 


,Q.c^. 


South  ^  y; 

Car  o  li'na,   0.    ^. 


Ten  nes  see',  G^^^. 

Tex 'as,  O^^. 

Vermont',  Q^/. 

Virgin'ia,  6^. 

Virgin'! a,  Qf.  Oil. 


Wis  con 'sin. 
United   States,    Ql.  ^. 


^d. 


A  las'ka,  (Oi^d^-tz 

Ar  i  zo'na,  Q^-^. 

Dako'ta,  ^€i^. 

I 'da  ho,  o/'Ci'tzAo 

In'dian,  Cy'n^/.c/. 


Mon  ta'na,    o4u€^-n/. 

New  y  yy 

Mex'ico,  C>r.cJU^. 


U'tah, 

Wash'- 
ing  ton, 


(^ 


^/^ 


District   of   Columbia, 


Wyo'ming,  6v^<^. 

I  A 


A   Complete  Speller, 


65 


IiEjsgeN  74. 


Abbreviations— Months  and  Days. 


Direction. — Study  the  spelling  of  the  words,  and  copy  the  abbrevla 

tions. 


January, 

Feb'ru  a  ry, 

March, 

April, 

May, 

June, 

July, 

August, 

September, 

October, 

November, 

December, 

5 


/' 


€1^. 


^W^ 


^^. 


u 


€0/. 


Sunday, 

Monday, 

Tuesday, 

Wednesday, 

Thursday, 

Friday, 

Saturday, 


i3^^. 


(instant)  the  pres-^^^ 
ent  month, 

(ultimo)  the  last    ^ 
month. 


(proximo)      the 
next  month. 


€^. 


66 


Word  Lessons. 


IlESJSejVI   75. 


Abbreviations— Names  and  Titles. 

Direction. — Study  the  spelling  of  the  words,  and  copy  the  abbrevia- 
tions. 


<t. 


Alexander, 

Benjamin, 

Charles, 

Daniel,  ^^-tz 

Frederic  ((^rck),  <0/i€4Z. 

George, 


James, 

Joseph, 

Robert, 

Samuel, 

Theodore, 

Thomas, 


et?. 


Captain,  yZ^^A/. 

^Colonel,  ^€^/. 

Doctor,  ^"l. 

General,  J^^. 

Honorable,  J^^^. 
Major, 
Mister, 


Mistress, 
(Missis) 

Professor, 

Reverend, 


Doctor     of 
Divinity, 


Doctor  of  Medicine,  CM.i 


Pronunciation.— >  kur'uel. 


A    Complete  Speller. 


67 


Abbreviations — Business. 


Direction. — Study  the  spelling  of  the  words,  and  copy  the  abbrevia- 
tions. 


at,  @ 

account,  ^  or  ^-dyl. 

barrel, 

bustel, 

cent,  ^  or  iyt. 

Credit,  ,  ^^. 


Collect     on      /^ 
delivery, 


same  (ditto),  ^ 

dozen, 

Debtor, 

gallon, 

handkerchief, 

merchandise,   4n^e 


Gentlemen, 

{Messieurs) 

Number, 

ounce, 

payment, 

per  cent., 

Post-Office, 

pound, 

quart, 

Received, 

yard, 

dollar, 

and  Company, 


(Hd, 


tP. 


"7- 


■€^ 


J. 


y^. 


€?<. 


(For  other  abbreviations  eee  p.  116.) 


68 

Word  Lesson:;, 

Miscellaneous  Test  Words 

;. 

Direction.- 

-IlJustratc  the  use 

of  each  word.   The  words  are  arranged 

aiphabctically 

to  aid  iu  consulting  the  dictionary. 

77. 

78^. 

79. 

SO. 

ab'sence 

ex  eel' 

mag  a  zine' 

ra'zor 

atom 

fa'tal 

med'i  cine 

rum  mage 

axle 

fir  kin 

mes  sage 

^scal  lop 

bag  gage 

fuzz 

monk 

schol  ar 

bar  gain 

glut 'ton 

mul'isli 

skir  mish 

blu  ing 

gnarled 

mur  mur 

sol  emn 

blur 

gos'sip 

mys  ter  y 

sor  rel 

but 'ton 

gouge 

notck 

spe  cie 

eat  kin 

griz'zly 

o'val 

spe  cies 

cbalk  y 

liag  gard 

pal  ace 

spiral 

cher  ub 

liar  ass 

pal  lid 

stam  mer 

ci  der 

hoi  i  day 

par  a  sol 

stub  born 

cir  cus 

tumor 

par  eel 

syr  inge 

cleat 

in  no  cent 

pi  e  ty 

tas  sel 

con  trol' 

i  vo  ly 

pil  grim 

tor  rent 

crev'ice 

ivy 

pi  ous 

trel  lis 

cush  ion 

jeal  ous 

pi  ra  cy 

tru  ant 

dirk 

jock  ey 

pit  i  f  ul 

tus  sle 

diz'zy 

£er  0  sene 

piv  ot 

weap  on 

driz  zly 

laggard 

plu  mage 

wheeze 

ear  ly 

lapel' 

polar 

wince 

e  clipse' 

lim'it 

'por  poise 

wiz'ard 

en  cir  cle 

loi  ter 

pshaw 

wool  ly 

er'rand 

loz  enge 

pud 'ding 

wriggle 

Pronunciation*— >  pOr^puc.    *  tkOl  lap. 


PART     IL 

liEggON  SJ. 

Capital  Letters— Rules. 

Begin  with  a  capital  letter — The  first  word  of  (1)  a 
sentence,  (2)  a  line  of  jDoetrj,  (3)  a  direct  quotation  making 
complete  sense. 

Begin  with  capital  letters — (4)  Proper  names,  titles 
used  with  them,  and  words  formed  from  them,  (5)  names 
of  things  personified,  (6)  names  of  the  months  of  the  year 
and  the  days  of  the  week,  (7)  names  of  the  Deity,  (8)  prin- 
cipal words  in  the  titles  of  books,  essays,  etc. 

Write  in  capital  letters — (9)  The  words  /  and  0,  and 
(10)  numbers  in  the  Eoman  notation. 

Examples. — (1,  2)  The  Lord  iny  pasture  shall  prepare. 

And  feed  me  with  a  shepherd's  care. — Addison. 
(3)  Solomon  says,  "How  forcible  are  right  words  !"  (4)  Dr.  0.  W. 
Holmes,  Boston,  Mass.  American,  English,  (o)  Jocund  Day  stands 
tip-toe  on  the  misty  mountain  top.  (6)  Monday,  January.  (7)  Most 
High,  Creator.  (8)  Prescott's  History  of  the  Conquest  of  Mexico,  My 
Walk  to  School.  (9)  Then  I  cried,  "  0  father  !  "  (10)  Henry  VIII., 
Louis  XVI. 

To  the  Teacher. — Select  exercises  and  require  the  pupils  to  give  reasons 
for  the  use  of  capitals.  Let  them  write  original  sentences  illustrating  the 
rules  above. 

Punctuation. 

To  the  Teacher. — By  the  copying  required  in  Part  L,  the  pupil  has  be- 
come familiar  with  the  more  common  marks  of  punctuation.  We  should 
give  but  few  formal  rules  until  some  progress  has  been  made  in  the  analysis 
of  sentences.  Let  the  pupil  give  general  reasons  for  the  use  of  marks  met 
with  in  copying  and  for  those  used  in  his  original  sentences. 


70  Word  Lessons, 


Definitions. 

A  Vowel  is  a  letter  that  stands  for  a  iVee^  open  sound  of  the 
voice. 

The  vowels  are  a,  e,  i,  o,  u,  w,  and  y ;  w  and  y  are  consonants  at 
the  beginning  of  a  word  or  a  syllable ;  as  in  wet,  yet  j  they  are 
vowels  in  new,  cow,  dying,  duty. 

A  Consonant  is  a  letter  that  stands  for  a  soand  made  by  the 
obstructed  voice  or  the  obstructed  breath.* 

A  Diphthong  is  a  union  of  two  vowels  in  the  same  syllable,  as 
in  bread, 

A  Triphthong  is  a  union  of  three  vowels  in  the  same  syllable^ 
ns  in  heau, 

A  Syllable  is  one  or  more  letters  pronounced  by  a  single  effort 
of  the  voice. 

Accent  is  stress  of  voice  on  a  particular  syllable  of  a  word. 

Examples. — Com  pel'  has  two  syllables,  and  un  nec'es  sa  ry  has 
five.     The  little  mark  placed  after  pel'  and  nee'  indicates  accent. 

A  Monosyllable  is  a  word  of  one  syllable. 

A  Dissyllable  is  a  word  of  two  sylhibles. 

A  Trisyllable  is  a  word  of  tliree  syllables. 

A  I'olysyllable  is  a  word  of  more  than  three  syllables. 

A  Prefix  is  au  addition  to  the  bet^inningr  of  a  word. 

A  Suffix  is  an  addition  to  the  end  of  a  word. 

A  Primitive  word  is  one  not  derived  from  anotlier  word  in  the 
same  language. 

A  Derivative  word  is  one  derived  from  another  word;  as, 
?inman///,  man  boinff  the  primitive,  or  root,  word. 

A  Compound  word  is  one  composed  of  two  or  more  simple 
words. 


*  A,  which  represeutB  a  mere  forcible  breathing,  it  an  exception. 


A   Complete  Speller.  71 


JLiEgf;e]\i  g5. 

Classes  of  Consonants. 

Explanation,— The  two  classes  of  consonants  are  here  arranged  In  separate 
columns.  Those  in  Col.  "  1 "  are  called  vocal  consonants  {voice  cori£onant8),  and  those 
in  Col.  "  2  "  are  called  aspirates  {breath  consonants). 

The  letters  with  dots  between  them  form  pairs.  Give  the  sound  of  the  first  letter 
of  any  pair,  and  you  will  find  that,  as  the  voice  stops,  the  vanishing  sound  will  be  the 
sound  of  the  other  letter.  The  tongue,  teeth,  lips,  and  palate  are  in  the  same  posi- 
tion for  both,  the  only  difference  being  that  in  one  there  is  voice,  and  in  the  other 
only  a  whisper. 

Direction. — Practice  on  these  sounds,  giving  them  first  in  words  and 
then  separately.     Do  not  confuse  the  name  of  a  letter  with  its  sound. 

1  2  1  2 

Vocal  Consonants.        Aspirates.        Vocal  Consonants.        A.8pirates. 

b p  r 

d t  til  (in  thine). . . th  (in  thin) 

g k  V f 

h  w 

J ch  y 

1 z  (in  zone) s 

111 *z  (in  azure) sh 


n. 


To  the  pupil. — c,  q,  and  x  are  not  found  in  the  columns  above, 
c  =  k  or  s ;  q  =  k  ;  x  =  ks  or  gz. 

ItEJSgejM  S4. 
Marked  Letters — Consonants. 

Direction. — Learn  what  the  following  marks  mean,  and  practice  on 
the  different  sounds,  first  in  the  word  and  then  separately.  Give  other 
words  containing  these  sounds. 

^  soft  {=  s),  in  9ent.  s,  sharp  (unmarked),  in  same. 

-e,  hard  (=  k),  in  call.  g,  soft  {=  z),  in  ha§. 

ch  (unmarked)  in  child.  th,  sharp  (unmarked)  in  thin. 

9h,  soft  (=  sh),  in  9haise.  4fr,  soft  or  vocal,  in  ^is. 

■eh,  hard  (=  k),  in  €horus.  n  (=  ng),  in  ink. 

g:,  hard,  in  get.  ?  (=  gz),  in  e^ist. 

^,soft  (=  j),  in  gem. 

*  See  note  p.  73. 


^2 


Word  Lessons. 


liE53©N  Si. 

To  tlie  Teaclier.— Explain  the  meaning  of  any  words  with  which  the 
pupils  may  not  be  familiar,  then  require  oral  sentences  to  illustrate  all  the 
words. 


♦9«2^  = 

:  8  %harp. 

-e  hard  and -eh  hard  =  k. 

^en'tral 

ser'mon 

-eow'ard 

-^ho'rus 

a§id 

sad  die 

-€or  al 

-ehro  mo 

gis  tern 

safe  ty 

-eack  le 

-ehron  ic 

gi  gar' 

sen  ate 

-€ul  prit 

-Ghris  tian 

^yl'm  der 

sen  ti  nel 

•€ur  ry 

-Ghrist  mas 

IlEJSgeN  S6. 


ell  (unmarked). 

tch  =  eh. 

9I1  so/f  - 

=  8h. 

lurcli 

sketch 

^ha  rade' 

shud'der 

clench 

stretch 

§ham  pagne 

shad  ow 

torch 

hatch 

ghe  mi§e 

shal  low 

scorch 

blotch 

ma  gh'ine 

shin  y 

char'i  ty 

satch'el 

ghiv'al  ry 

shag  ^ 

IlEggON  S7. 


tl  =  8ll 

el  =  8h 

8l  =  all 

■  =  8h 

cau'tious 

so'cial 

man'sion 

sng'ar 

mip  tial 

de  fi'cient 

pen  sion 

cen  sure 

pe  ti'tion 

fe  ro  cious 

^mis  sion 

press  are 

va  ca  tion 

es  pe  cial 

di  ver'sion 

as  sure' 

es  sen  tial 

ma  gi  cian 

^con  fes  sion 

nau'se  ate 

*  c  is  foft  before  0,  i,  and  y. 

*  Pronounced  mksh'un  and  confish'un  (one  k  id  silent). 


A   Complete  Speller. 


73 


IiEssejvE  ss. 

To  the  Teacher.— Explain  words  not  familiar  to  the 

pupils,  and  require 

illustrations. 

^hard. 

g«Qr^=j. 

ds=j. 

s  soft  =  z. 

ghastly 

gym'nast 

budge 

go§'ling 

i^uggy 

gyp«7 

trudge 

noi§  y 

gos  pel 

en  gme 

grudge 

dis  ea§e' 

gib  bous 

mar  gin 

dredore 

di§  §olve 

gos  sip 

herb  age 

drudge 

di§  as  trous 

IlESSejVI  S9. 

n(=ng) 

and  ng. 

♦?.-xgZ. 

X  (unmarked)  =  ks 

Yan'kee 

eon'gress 

e:§:  haust' 

ex 'lie 

wrink  le 

an  guish 

e?  empt 

ex  it 

hun  ger 

sprink  le 

e^  ert 

ex  tra. 

trink  at 

bang  ing 

e:^  am  ine 

ex  treme' 

Ian  guage 

swing  ing 

e:?:  hib  it 

expel 

IlEggeN  90. 

t  z  (zh)  =  zi,  si,  s.    wh  =  hiv,  qu  =  lew.  ph,  gh  =  /. 


az'ure 


gla  zier 
con  fu'sion 
ex  plo  sion 
pleas 'ure 


wharf 
whoa 
wheeze 
whit'tle 
whirl  i  gig 


quote 
quell 
quo 'rum 
quarry 
que  ry 


ci'pher 
or  phan 
al  pha  bet 
e  nough' 
laugh 'ter 


*  X  usually  has  this  sound  when  Tollowed  by  an  accented  vowel. 

t  This  vocal  consonant  is  the  result  of  an  attempt  to  sound  z  and  y  together  (zi 
and  si  =  zy)  (sv.  =  zyod),  and  is  simply  .>-^  made  vocal.  It  is  indicated  in  works  on 
pronunciation  by  zh,  but  z  and  h  never  come  together  in  the  spelling  of  an  English 
word. 


Word  Lessons. 

LEggejsi  9}. 


shouldn't 

two 

kicked 

fair 

kisses 

perhaps 

waves 

screamed 

good-by 

dozens 

much 

could 

dear 

meant 

blew 

ocean 

sea 

afraid 

least 

breeze 

Direction. — Fill  the  following  "blanks  with  words  from  the  list  above. 

My  dear  May, — How  do  you  like  the  ?    Not ;  it's 

so  big.     But  you  like  a  nice  little that  you put  into  a 

pan  ? 

Have  the ever  run  over  you  yet,  and  turned  your  little 

shoes  into  pumps  full  of  water  ?    Have  you  been  bathed  yet  in  the  sea, 

and  were  you ?    I  was,  the  fii'st  time  ;  and me,  how  I  

and !  or  at to  scream  ;  but  the  sea,  ships  and  all,  began 

to  run  into  my  mouth,  and  so  I  shut  it  up. 

And  now,  .     The  last I of for  you,  but 

the  wind  changed,  and  I  am  afraid  took  them  all  to  Miss  H.,  or  some- 
body that  it  shouldn't. — ffood. 

Direction. — Copy  ihs  following^  and  study  the  italicized  loords. 

She  was  dead.  No  sleep  so  beautiful  and  calm,  so  free  from  trace  of 
pain,  so  fair  to  look  upon.  She  seemed  a  creature  fresh  from  the  hand 
of  God,  and  waiting  for  the  breath  of  life  ;  not  one  who  had  lived,  and 
suffered  death.  Her  couch  was  dressed  with  here  and  there  some  winter- 
berrics  and  green  leaves,  gathered  in  a  spot  she  had  been  used  to  favor. 
**  When  I  die,  put  near  me  something  that  has  loved  the  light,  and  had 
the  sky  above  it  always. "    These  were  her  words. 

She  was  dead.  Dear,  gentle,  patient,  noble  Nell  was  dead.  Her  little 
bird — a  poor,  slight  thing,  the  pressure  of  a  finger  would  have  crushed 
— ^was  stirring  nimbly  in  its  cage  ;  and  the  strong  heart  of  its  child- 
miatress  was  mute  and  motionless  forever. — Dickers. — Death  of  Little 
Kelt 


A   Complete  Speller.  75 


IlEpgejVI    95. 

Measures  of  Time. 

hour 

sec'ond             dec'ade 

fort 'night 

montli 

min  ute            ^p  ocli 

sea  son 

year 

fore  noon         cen  tu  ry 

au  tumn 

Direction. — Copy  and  study  the  following. 

We  live  in  deeds,  not  years  ;  in  thoughts,  not  breaths  ; 

In  feelings,  not  in  figures  on  a  dial. 

We  should  count  time  by  heart-throbs.     He  most  lives 

Who  thinks  most,  feels  the  noblest,  acts  the  best. — P.  J.  Bailey c 

IlEggSN    94. 

I>irection Copy  the  following^  and  study  the  italicized  words. 

I  steal  by  lawns  and  grassy  plots, 

I  slide  by  hazel  covers  ; 
I  move  the  sweet  forget-me-nois 

That  grow  for  happy  lovers. 


I  slip,  I  slide,  I  gloom,  I  glanee, 

Among  my  skimming  swallows; 
I  make  the  netted  sunbeam  dance 

Against  my  sandy  shallows. 

I  murmur  under  moon  and  stars 

In  hrambly  imlderncsses  ; 
I  linger  by  my  shingly  bars  ; 

I  loiter  round  my  cresses  ; 

And  out  again  I  curve  and  flow 

To  join  the  "brimming  river  ; — 
For  men  may  come,  and  men  may  go, 

But  I  go  on  forever. — Tennyson. — TheBrooJc, 


76 


Word  Lessons. 


IlEggeN  9^- 

Some  Useful  Prefixes. 

un  and  dis  mean  not  or  the  opposite  act ;  as,  wwsafe,  not  safe  ; 
wwtie,  tlie  opposite  of  tie,  to  loose ;  (Zishonest,  not 
honest ;  (^/sagree,  the  opposite  of  agree,  to  differ. 

mis  means  wrong  or  wrongly ;  as,  w^isconduct,  wrong  con- 
duct ;  Twisjudge,  to  judge  wrongly. 

Direction. — Learn  to  spell  the  following  words,  and  define  them  as 
in  the  examples  above. 

Caution.— Do  not  double  the  s  In  dis  and  miSf  and  do  not  drop  the 
8  when  the  root-word  heg^ins  with  8. 


un  lock' 

di§  hon'or 

mis  guide' 

un  fair 

dis  0  bey' 

mis  spell 

un  load 

dis  loy'al 

mis  lead 

un  true 

dis  sim  i  lar 

mis  print 

un  veil 

dis  sat  is  fy 
IlE33eM  96. 

mis  spend 

Direction. — Study  and  define  as 

before. 

un  ea'sy 

dis  cour'age 

mis  man'age 

un  health  y 

dis  heart  en 

mis  deed 

un  nerve 

dis  ap  pear' 

mis  car  ry 

un  clean 

dis  please' 

mis  state 

un  lace 

dis  a  gree' 

mis  di  reef 

un  hitch 

dLs  com 'fort 

mis  judge' 

un  stead  y 

dis  ad  van'tage 

mis  step 

un  a  ware' 

dis  ap  prove 

mis  quote 

A   Complete  Speller. 


77 


IlEJS58N  97. 
Some  Useful  Suffixes. 

ed  means  did  ;  as,  walke^Z,  did  walk. 

cr,  in  adjectives,  means  more ;  as,  wiser,  more  wise. 

er,  in  nouns,  means  one  who  or  that  which ;  as,  teacher,  one 

who  teaches  ;  heater,  that  which  heats. 
e§t  means  most ;  aS;  wisest,  most  wise. 
iiig  means  continuing ;  as,  walk^7^^,  continuing  to  walk. 
i§li  means  lihe  or  somewhat ;    as,  child^'^A,  like  a  child ; 

sweetis/i,  someiohat  sweet. 
able  and  ibie  mean  alle,  fit  to  he,  or  causi?ig  ;  as,  eatable, 

fit  to  be  eaten  ;  dhiaible,  able  to  be  diyided. 
ful  mesiRsfuU  of;  as,  joyful,  full  of  joy. 


Direction. — Learn  to  spell  the  following  words,  and  define  them  as 
in  the  examples  above. 


pitch 'ing 
touch  ing 
fetched 


weak'er 
weak  est 
build  er 


hea'then  ish 
green  ish 
bear  a  ble 


ter'ri  ble 
beau  ti  ful 
peace  ful 


Direction.— Spell  and  define  as  above. 

hor'ri  ble  cheap'er  grat'er  pain 'ful 

per  ish  a  ble  droll  est  elf  isli  faith  ful 

scour  ing  wait  er  pa  gan  ish  grate  ful 

i  ron  ing  strain  er  girl  ish  doubt  ful 

vis  it  ed  great  est  sour  ish  hon  or  a  ble 

screeched.  great  er  wasp  ish  tax  a  ble 


78 


Word  LessoTis. 


IlESSeN  99. 
Suffixes — Continued. 

\y  means  like  or  manner  ;  as,  manZ?/,  like  a  man  ;  brave?^, 

in  a  brave  manner, 
ne§8  means  state  of  hemg  ;  as,  iWnesSy  state  of  being  ill. 
Ie§§  means  witliout ;  as,  homeless,  ivitliout  a  home. 
en,  in  adjectives,  means  made  of]  in  verbs,  to  make;  as, 

woode^i,  made  o/wood;  shorten,  to  rnake  short. 
ons  means /wZZ  o/;  as,  ]ojous,  full  of  jo j. 
§  or  es,  added  to  nouns,  means  more  than  one  ;   as,  boy^, 

churches. 
'§  means  belonging  to  or  possession ;  as,  man's,  belonging  to 

man. 

Direction.— Learn  to  spell  the  following  words,  and  define  them  as 
in  the  examples  above. 


calmly 

firm'ness 

bircli'en 

at'las  es 

court  ly 

deaf  ness 

length  en 

cam  el's 

worth  less 

lead  en 

dan  ger  ous 

cam  els 

Direction. — Spell  and  define  as  above. 

shrewdly  mis'chiev  ous  guiltless 

chief  ly  wretch  ed  ness  aim  less 

dear  ly  prompt  ness  heart  less 

meek  ly  fierce  ness  match  less 

proud  ly  smooth  ness  moist  en 

coarse  ly  griev  ous  isth  mus  es 

mor  tal  ly  won  drous  vil  lag  es 


A   Complete  Speller. 


79 


liEggeN  )0j. 

Kinds  of  Cloth. 

jean 

al  pac'a 

vel' vet 

cash 'mere 

baize 

de  laine 

dam  ask 

cas  si  mere 

chintz 

me  rino 

mo  hair 

buck  ram 

cal'i  CO 

sat 'in 

ker  sey 

cor  du  roy 

cot  ton 

si  le'si  a 

cam  brie 

vel  vet  een' 

chev  i  ot 

flan'nel 

ging  ham 

huck'a  back 

IiEssej^  Wi, 

On  the  Writing-desk. 

quill 

e  ras'er 

po'et  ry 

di'a  ry 

quire 

mn'ci  lage 

po  em 

dra  ma 

ream 

en  vel  ope 

stan  za 

com  e  dy 

wa'fer 

fools  cap 

coup  let 

trag  e  dy 

cray  on 

port  fol'io 

son  net 

par  0  dy 

pen  cil 

pa'per- weight      bal  lad 

liEJS^ejy   J05. 
Qualities  known  by 

crit  i  cism 

feeling. 

signt. 

smell. 

taste. 

sleek 

squal'id 

fra'grant 

ra'cy 

smooth 

un  couth' 

0  dor  ous 

lus  cious 

coarse 

pleas'ing 

balm  y 

de  li'cious 

un  e'ven 

ra  di  ant 

ar  0  mafic 

pun 'gent 

tep'id 

beau  ti  ful 

sweet-scent'ed 

sa  vo  ry 

chill  y 

col  ored 

ran'cid 

in  sip 'id 

8o  Word  Lessons, 


Pronunciation. 

Direction. — Practice  on  the  following  words  till  you  can  pronounce 
them  rapidly  in  succession  without  error. 

Caution.— Final  a  unaccented   lias   a  brief  sound   of  a  in  far. 
Avoid  a  or  I. 

A  mer'i  ca,    al'ge  bra,   al  pac'a,    Chi'na,  com'ma. 
Em'ma,    ex'tra,    mica,    so'fa,    um  brel'la. 

Caution.— Avoid  adding  tlie  sound  of  r  to  words  like  tlie  toWow- 
ing ;  as,  aawr  *er  for  saw  her. 

awe,   claw,    draw,   gnaw,   law,   saw, 
com'ma,   Em'ma,   i  de'a,    po  ta'to,   so'da. 

Caution.— Do  not  give  ow  and  ou  (=  aob)  tlie  drawling  sound  aoo, 
and  do  not  sound  ow  (=  5)  like  ur. 

brow,   cow,    drown,   how,   now,   town, 
bound,   found,   house,   pound,   round,   sound, 
borrow,    fel'low,   hollow,    mel'low,    nai-'row, 
pil'low,   shal'low,   swal'low,   to-morrow,    wid'ow. 

Caution.— Do  not  sound  ing  like  in. 

see'ing,   hear'ing,   readying,   writ'ing,    com'ing, 
talk'iug,   walking,   run'ning,   go'ing,   even  ing. 

Caution.— In  the  endings  ent,  ant,  and  ance,  do  not  make  tke  e 
and  a  prominent,  and  do  not  change  them  to  u. 

gov  em  meut,    mon'u  ment,    mo'ment,   si'lent, 
ig'no  rant,   ig'no  ranee,   fra 'grant,   fra'grancc. 

To  the  Teacher.— It  would  be  i)rofltable  to  take  this  lesson  up  occasiou- 
ally  in  review.    See  remark  to  teacher,  Less.  31. 


A   Complete  Speller,  8i 


To  the  pupiL — The  name  of  the  type  is  printed  in  the  type  named. 
Direction. — Spell  the  words.     Copy  the  punctuation  marks. 


Type. 

Punctuation. 

di'amond. 

pearl. 

ag'ate. 

com'ma 
sem'i  CO  Ion 

> 
1 

non  pa  rgil'. 

colon 

I 

min'ion. 

pe'ri  od 

, 

bre  vier'. 

in  ter  ro  ga'tion 

p 

*  hour  geois. 

ex  cla  TYia'tion 

T 

long  primer. 

dash 

— 

small  pi  ca. 
pi  ca 

pa  ren 'the  sis 
quo  ta'tioii 
brack  ets 

(      ) 
[     ] 

'English. 

hy'phen 

great  prim  er. 

caret 

a  pos'tro  phe 

A 

> 

llEgg@J\[  j06. 


To  the  pupil. — Contractions  Hke  these  are  allowable  in  poetry  of  in 
familiar  speech,  but  not  in  formal  prose  composition. 

Direction. — Learn  to  write  these  in  sentences 


ar'n't 

e'er 

I'd 

ne'er 

can't 

hadn't 

I'll 

o'er 

couldn't 

hasn't 

I'm 

sha'n't 

didn't 

he'd 

IVe 

'tis 

doesn't 

he'll 

isn't 

'twiU 

don't 

he's 

ma'am 

won't 

Pronunciation.— 

G 

■>  bur  jois'.      2  ing'gHfih. 

82 


Word  Lessons, 


IlEJSJS0]\I  }07. 

Adding  Suffixes— Useful  Rule. 

RULE  1,— Final  e  is  dropped  before  a  vowel. 

Direction. — Drop  the  final  e  from  the  root- word,  and  add  the  suf- 
fixes, defining  each  new  derivative  as  in  the  model. 

ilfo<feI.— admired)  did  admire;  admiring,  continuing  to  admire f 
ad'uii  rable,  fit  to  he  admired  ;  admirer,  one  tcJio  admires, 

(Tlie  ^^  model ''  must  1>e  varied  to  flt  tlie  different  'words  and  tlie 
different  meanings  of  the  suffixes.) 


ad  mire'  +  ed,  ing,  able,  er 
ad  vige    +  ed,  ing,  able,  er 
a  dore      +  ed,  ing,  able,  er 
de  sire     +  ed,  ing,  able 
ex  cuge    +  ed,  ing,  able 


blame  -\-  ed,  ing,  able 
move  +  ed,  ing,  able 
note        +  ed,  ing,  able 


val'ue      + 


"^g, 


able 


cen  sure  -|-  ed,  ing,  able 


(Why  is  tlie  e  not  dropped  in  the  follo^ving  words  1) 

blame/ess,  jnoyement,  hateful 

To  the  Teacher. — Let  the  pupils  construct  short  oral  sentences  ccn- 
taining  these  derivatives. 


IlE33®N  IBS. 


Direction. — Drop  the  final  e  and  add  the  sufiixes.     Define  the  last 

six. 


plague  4-  ed,  ing 
guide  +  ed,  ing 
grieve  +  ed,  ing 
judge  +  ed,  ing 
()  blige'  -f  ed,  ing 
e  rase    -|-  ed,  ing 


man 'age  +  ed,  ing  rogue  +  ish 

fence       -j-  ed,  ing  blue  +  ish 

scare       -j-  ed,  ing  style  -f  ish 

cease       -f-  ed,  ing  virtue  -f-  ous 

a  chieve'  -f-  ed,  ing  sale  -\-  able 

re  ceive   -j-  ed,  ing  cure  -f  able 


A   Co7nplete  Speller,  83 

IiE]SJSeN  j09. 

Adding  Suffixes— Useful  Rule. 

RULE  11.— In  monosyllables  and  words  accented  on  the  last 
syllable^  a  final  consonant  after  a  single  vowel  doubles  before  a 
suffix  beginning  with  a  vowel  {dc,  k,  and  v  are  never  doubled). 

Direction. — Add  the  suffixes  as  in  preceding  lessons.  Be  sure  to 
double  the  final  consonant  of  the  root-word.  Define  all  derivatives  as 
in  preceding  "  models,"  except  those  in  cd  and  lag. 

(IVliy  is  llie  fiual  consonant  liere  douT)Ied?) 

fat    +  6r,  est,  en  spin    +  ing,  er 

mad  +  er,  est,  en  SYv^im  -)-  ing,  er 

red    +  er,  est,  en  shop    -\-  ing,  er 

thin  -|-  er,  est,  ish  rob      -\   ing,  ed,  er 

glad  -|-  er,  est,  en  drum  -f  ing,  ed,  er 

hot    4-  er,  est  plot     +  ing,  ed,  er 

CWliy  are  I,  r,  and  t  not  doubled  in  llie  following  -words  ?) 

con  cealed',     vig'or  ous,     ben'e  fit  ed,     par'al  leled 

Direction. — Form  derivatives  according  to  the  rule.     Use  the  words. 

(l¥hat  pat  t  of  tlic  rule  applies  in  this  lesson  tliat  did  not  in  the 
preceding  lesson  ?) 

*quit       +  ing,  ed  oc  cur'  +  ing,  ed  fop         +  ish 

squat     -f  er,  ed  re  gret  +  ing,  ed  clan        +  ish 

e  quip'  +  ing,  ed  ad  mit  +  ing,  ed  rag         +  ed 

ac  quit  +  ing?  ed  be  gin  +  i^g?  er  for  got'  +  en 

un  fit    +  ing,  ed  stir        +  ing,  ed  al  lot      +  ed 

re  fer     -f-  ing,  ed  pin        +  ing,  ed  star        +  J 

*  These  first  four  words  come  under  the  rule,  for  vi  and  xia  are  not  diphthongs  ;  u 
after  $•  is  a  consonant  =  w. 


84  Word  Lessons, 


Adding  Suffixes— Useful  Rule. 

RULE  III.— y  after  a  consonant  becomes  i  before  a  suffix  not 
be^inuiu^  with  i. 

Direction.— Join  the  suffixes  and  define  as  in  the  "model."    Be 
sure  to  change  y  to  i. 

Jfodel.— tardier,  more  tardy  ;   tardiest,  tnoat  tardy  ;  tardily*  in  a 
tardy  manner;  taLrAine%»^  stcnte  of  heiny  tardy. 

lieart'y  +  er,  est,  ly,  ness  bus'y      +  er,  est,  ly,  ness 

stead  y  +  er,  est,  ly,  ness  la  zy       +  er,  est,  ly,  ness 

read  y    +  er,  est,  ly,  ness  wor  thy  +  er,  est,  ly,  ness 

hap  py  +  er,  est,  ly,  ness  sau  cy     -j-  er,  est,  ly,  ness 

dain  ty  -|-  er,  est,  ly,  ness  ti  dy       +  er,  est,  ly,  ness 

heav  y   +  er,  est,  ly,  ness  greed  y  +  er,  est,  ly,  ness 


LEggeN  ))% 


Direction. — Join  the  suffixes  and  define  as  above.    Be  sure  to  change 
y  to  i. 

mel'o  dy       +  es,  ous  mod'i  fy  +  ed,  er,  cs* 

fu  ry  +  es,  ous  en  vy       -f  ed,  ous,  able,  es 

vie  to  ry       +  es,  ous  pit  y        +  f  ul,  less,  able,  es 

lux  u  ry        +  es,  ous  fan  cy      +  ful,  ed,  er,  es 

cer  e  mo  ny  +  es,  ous  glo  ry      -\-  ed,  ous,  es 

stud  y  -f  es,  ous  cop  y       -f-  ed,  es 

(Why  la  y  not  changed  in  the  following  w^ords  1) 

mod'i  fy  ing,        en  joys',        ba'by  ish,        copy  ist 

To  the  Teacher. — Let  the  pupils  learn  to  use  the^e  words. 


*  Instead  of  dcflning,  put  Ke  ot  U  before  the  verb  when  et  \»  added ;  as,  U 

mod\fie». 


A   Complete  Speller.  85 

IiEjsjsej^i  jii. 

Review  Exercises  on  Rules  I.,  II.,  III. 

Direction. — Tell  why  the  rule  applies  or  does  not  apply. 

toil'er  pen'nies  try'ing  blot'ter 

flee  Qj  bra  cing  nois  i  est  re  fus'al 

breez  y  du  ti  ful  hiir  ried  *wooreu 

mer  it  ed  for  ci  ble  drop  ping  *bi  ased 

per  form'er  sense  less  hur  ry  ing  *kid  naped 

com  pelled  sen  si  ble  for  get 'ting  Vor  ship  er 

tOne  I  or  two. 

Direction. — Add  ing  and  ed  to  the  following  words.  Add  er  to 
jewel  and  travel,  and  or, to  counsel.  Double  the  final  letter,  or  not, 
as  your  teacher  may  direct. 

bar'rel  e'qual  mar'shal  rav'el 

can  eel  grav  el  mar  vel  rev  el 

ear  ol  jew  el  mod  el  ri  val 

chis  el  la  bel  pen  cil  shov  el 

conn  sel  lev  el  per  il  trav  el 

cud  gel  li  bel  quar  rel  tun  nel 

*  Worcester  gives  loodlen.  Massed,  kidnapped,  worshipper. 

t  Worcester  doubles  the  I  in  the  derivatives  of  these  words  (except  perilous^,  but 
Webster  favors  one  I.  Webster's  spelling  accords  with  tlie  analogy  of  the  language, 
and  is,  we  believe,  steadily  gaining  favor  in  the  United  States. 


86 


Word  Lessons. 


e  qua'tor 
me  rid  i  ans 
par'al  lels 
hem  i  sphere 
lat  i  tude 
Ion  gi  tude 


Geography. 

tor'rid 
frig  id 
isl  and 


po  lar 
arc  tic 


^sth'mus 
moun  tain 
prai  rie 
"pla  teau' 
o'cean 


gey'sers 
pen  in'su  la 
mon'arch  y 
ar  is  toc'ra  cy 
de  moc'ra  cy 


trop  ics     com  merce   ar-chi  pel'a  go 


I(E]SS6]y    116. 
Geography.— Cities — U.  S. 


Brooklyn 
Ht.  Lou'is 
(J)hi  ca'go 
Bal'ti  more 
Lou  is  ville 
Al  ex  an'dri  a 


San    Fran  cis'co 
Clil  li  coth'e 
Phil  a  del  phi  a 
^Baton   liouge 
New   Or'le  ans 
Cin  cin  na'ti 


Cleveland 
Co  hoes' 
'Des  Moines 
^Du  buque' 
Han'ni  bal 
Chel  sea 


Ith'a  ca* 
Ke  o  kuk 
Mil  wau'kee 
Min  ne  ap'o  lis 
Nash'u  a 
Natch  ez 


IlEggON    117. 
Geography. — Cities— U.  S. 

O'ma  ha  Sa  van'nah 

Tough  keep'sie  Sijhe  nee  ta  dy 

Ra'leigh  Syr'a  cuse 

Rich  mond  ^TeiTC  Haute 

Sac  ra  men 'to  Wilkes 'bar  re 

Sau'ger  ties*  Worcester 


Pronnnelatlon.—i  Ts'mns.    "piatO'.    «  bat'un  rooah.    *demoln'.    » da  buk' 
'  po  kip'fl.    1  tor'reh  bote.    » wWe'ter.  *  VUlage. 


A    Complete  Speller. 


87 


Direction. — Copy  the  following,  and  study  the  italicized  words. 

The  snow  had  begun  in  the  gloaming, 
And  busily,  all  the  night, 
Had  been  heaping  field  and  highway 
With  a  silence,  deep  and  white. 

Every  pine  and^r  and  hemlock 
Wore  ermine,  too  dear  for  an  earl; 
And  the  poorest  twig  on  the  elm  tree 
Was  ridged  inch-deep  \fiih.  pearl. — Lowell. 

Bouglis  are  daily  rifled 
By  the  gusty  thieves, 
And  the  book  of  Nature 
Getteth  short  of  leaves. — Hood. 


IiEggeN  ]i)9. 


goal> 

especially 

approacliing 

surely 

delayed 

clouds 

foretells 

almost 

race 

perseverance 

coppery 

swallows 

tortoise  ^ 

prize  X 

•weather 

halo 

hare  v 

won 

purple 

certain 

Direction. — Fill  the  blanks  from  the  words  above. 

Tile  Hare  and  the  Tortoise. — A and  a  engaged  to  run  a 

;  but  the  hare,  depending  on  the  swiftness  of  his  foot,  so 

long  in  starting  that  the  tortoise  reached  the ,  and the 

through  its ,  though  slow  in  its  motions. — Fable. 

Signs  of  Weatiier. — Red  in  the  west  at  sunset,  when 

they  have  a  tint  of ,  portend  fine .     A or  yellow  sunset 

generally rain.    But  as  an  indication  of  wet  weather ,  nothing 

is  more than  the round  the  moon.     When  the fly  high, 

fine  weather  is  to  be  expected  or  continued  ;  but,  when  they  fly  close  to 
the  ground,  rain  is approaching. — Chambers. 


88  Word  Lessons. 


Exceptions  to  Rule  I. 


To  the  Teactier. — The  value  of  the  Rules  of  Spelling,  previously  given, 
will  depend  much  upon  the  pupil's  familiarity  with  the  exceptions.  These 
exceptions  are  really  few  when  compared  with  the  large  number  of  words 
controlled  by  the  Rules. 

This  grouping  of  words  under  Rules  and  Exceptions,  if  not  carried  too 
far,  must,  on  the  principles  of  association,  or  of  comparison  and  contrast, 
be  a  great  aid  to  the  memory. 

Words  ending  In  ee  and  ge  retain  e  before  nhle  and  ous  to  keep  e 
and  g  soft..  Words  in  oe  and  ee  rctaiik  the  e,  unless  tlie  suflix  begins 
i;vith  e.    Some  ivords  retain  e  to  preserve  their  Identity. 


change'a  ble 

ser'vice  a  ble 

hoe'ing 

see'ing 

charge  a  ble 

trace  a  ble 

shoe  ing 

a  gree'a  ble 

man  age  a  ble 

ad  van  ta'geous 

toe  ing 

dye'ing 

mar  riage  a  ble 

cou  ra'geous 

a  gree'ing 

(coloring) 

no  tice  a  ble 

out  ra  geous 

flee'ing 

singe 'ing 

peace  a  ble 

um  bra  geous 

free  ing 

tinge'ing 

Exceptions  to  Rule  I. — Continued. 

To  the  pupiL — It  is  inferred  from  Rule  I.  that  final  e  is  not  dropped 
before  a  consonant,  but  the  following  are  exceptions. 


awful 
wo  ful 
du  ty 

duly            wis  d 
tru  ly           ar  gu 
whol  ly        judg 

om 
ment 
ment 

lodg'ment 

a  bridg'ment 

ac  knowl  edg  ment 

The  following  words  In  !«  are  contracted  thus  t  ab{le)ly  =  ably. 

a'bly                i'dly 
fee  bly            sim  ply 
hum  bly          am  ply 

gen'tly 
doub  ly 
grist  ly 

peace'a  bly 
peb  bly 
pos  si  bly 

A    Complete  Speller 


89 


Exceptions  to  Rule  II. 

Tl»e  final  consonant  is  not  doubled  when,  in  the  derivative,  the 
accent  is  thrown  from  the  last  syllable  of  the  primitive;  as,  refer' , 
reference.    But  ive  have  excel',  ex'cel  lent,  ex'eel  lence. 

Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  use  the  following  words. 


refer  ence 

defer  ence 

trans  fer'a  ble 

pref  er  ence 

in  fer  ence 

ref  er  ee' 

con  fer  ence 

pref  er  a  ble 

other  exceptions. 

gas'es 

hum 'bugged 

crys'tal  lize 

gag  e  ons 

hum  bug  ging 

can  eel  la'tion 

Use. — Without  reference  to  truth  ;  preference  for  city  life  ;  a  con- 
ference of  wise  men  ;  a  deference  to  rank  ;  an  unfair  inference  ; 
transferable  rights  ;  decision  of  an  impartial  referee  ;  gaseous  vapors  ; 
crystallize  in  cubes.    What  is  preferable  to  wisdom  ? 

Exceptions  to  Rule  III. 

p  does  not  change  before  's. 

Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  use  the  following  words, 
la'dy's,         en'e  my's,         ba'by's,         coun' try's. 

Other  exceptions.— Tlie  last  five  change  y  to  e. 

staid  (or  ptayed )  slain  sly'ness  pit'e  ous 

paid  dai'ly  shy  ly  du  te  ous 

laid  dry  ly  shy  ness  plen  te  ous 

said  dry  ness  la  dy  ship  beau  te  ous 

saith  sly  ly  ba'by  hood  boun  te  ous 

Use.— A  story  dryly  told  ;  slyness  of  a  cat  ;  a  maiden's  sh3rnes.T  ; 
with  a  piteous  look  ;  bounteous  Giver  of  all  good. 


90 


Word  Lessons. 


The  Plural  of  Nouns  in  y. 

Nouns  in  y  after  a  consonant  add  e«,  and  change  ytoi  according 
to  Rule  III. 

Direction. — Change  the  following  singular  nouns  to  the  plural  form. 

lily  fam'i  ly        sto'ry  gro'cer  y 

mis  er  y         cher  rj         dai  ry         *col  lo  quy 
ber  ry  dai  sy  di  a  ry  so  lH'o  qny 

Nouns  in  y  after  a  vowel  simply  add  «. 

at  tor'ney        kid'ney  tur  key        don'key 

chim'ney         mon  key        val  ley         mon  ey 
jour  ney  pul  ley  vol  ley         es  say 


Plural  of  Nouns  in  o. 


Some  nouns  in  o  after  a  consonant  add  e»  and  some  add  «. 

Direction. — Add  es  to  the  following. 


buf 'fa  lo 

em  bar'go            mot'to 

por 

'ti  CO 

cal  i  CO 

grot'to                  mos  qui 'to 

po 

ta'to 

car  go 

he  ro                    mu  lat  to 

tor 

na  do 

ech  0 

in  nu  en'do         ne'gro 
Direction.— Add  S  to  the  following. 

vol 

ca  no 

can 'to 

jun'to                 pi'  a'no 

solo 

dom  i  no 

(or  es)        las  so                  pro  vi  so 

two 

du  0  dec'i 

mo             me  men'to          quarto 

ty'ro 

ha'lo 

oc  ta  vo              sal  vo 

Nonns  in  o  after  a  vowel  add  «;  ms* 

cameos,   cuckoos,    folios,   trios. 

ze  ro 

*  t/  after  q\AVk  consonant. 


A   Complete  Speller.  91 


Plural  of  Nouns  in  /  and  fe. 

(Cliange  /or  fe  luto  ve«.) 

beef        half        life        slieaf        wharf  (or  s) 
calf         knife      loaf        shelf         wife 
elf  leaf         self       thief         wolf 

(Add  s.) 

belief  dwarf  gulf         reef         scarf 

brief  fife  hoof        roof         strife 

chief  gi'ief  proof       safe         waif 

IlEgg6]5  )^7. 
Possessive  Form  of  Nouns. 

In  tlie  singular  add  the  apostrophe  and  s  C's)  to  denote  posses- 
sion ;  in  the  plural,  the  apostrophe  only  ;  hut  if  the  plural  does 
not  end  in  Sf  add  's. 


Direction.— Copy  the  following. 


(Possessive  singular.) 


Fanny's  doll. 
The  girl's  bonnet. 
A  dollar's  worth. 


Burns's  Poems. 
Brown  &  Co.'s  business. 
A  day's  work. 


(Possessive  plui-al.) 


Those  girls'  dresses. 
Men's  clothing. 
Ladies'  calls. 


Children's  toys. 
Three  years'  interest. 
Five  dollars'- wcffth. 


Direction. — Write  the  possessive  of  each  of  the  following  words,  and 
place  after  it  the  name  of  the  thing  possessed. 

Woman,  women  ;  mouse,  mice  ;  buffalo,  buffaloes  ;  fairy, 
fairies  ;  hero,  heroes ;  baby,  babies  ;  calf,  calves. 


92 


Word  Lessons, 


IlES^eN  )2S. 


Compound  Words. 


Without  hyphen. 

numskull        wherever 


With  hyphen. 


daybreak 

brakeman 

eyesight 

iceberg 

threadbare 

greensward 


whereabouts 

elsewhere 

anybody 

everything 

railway 

nowadays 


heart's-ease 

two-wheeled 

long-legged 

emerald-green 

vice-president 

postal-card 

bird's-eye 


forty-two 

gray-haired 

half-past 

thorough-bred 

major-general 

post-office 

hair-breadth 


To  the  pupil. — There  is  lack  of  uniformity  in  the  use  of  the  hyphen. 
When  the  simple  words  of  the  compound  seem  to  lose  their  individual 
force  and  fuse  into  one  general  term,  the  hyphen  is  dropped. 

In  the  dictionaries  the  hyphens  between  the  parts  of  compound 
words  are  distinguished  from  those  that  separate  syllables  by  Ijeing 
made  heavier  or  longer,  thus  :  half-pen-ny,  or  h(df-pcn-ny, 

spelling  and  Pronunciation. 

th  and  tit. 
Direction. — Learn  to  spell,  pronounce,  aud  use  these  words. 

bath . . .  baths . . .  bathe,  cldth . .  .  cl6ths . . .  clothe, 
mouth . .  . mouths. . . mouih,   wreath . . .  wreaihs . . .  wreathe, 
liith .  , .  laths,    oath . . .  oaths,   piith . . . pilths,    mi5th. .. m6te, 
breath  . .  .  breaths . .  .  breathe,    sheath . . .  sheaths . . .  sheathe, 
hearth.  . . hearths,  growth.  .  .growths,  breadth. .  .breadths, 
loath. .  .loathe,   soothe,    *smooth,    bequeath,   beneath. 

To  the  pupil. — The  first  eight  nouns  in  this  lesson  are  the  only 
words,  according  to  Webster,  in  which  the  aspirate  ih  in  the  singuhir 
is  changed  to  i\\Q  vocal -ift  in  theplnnl  ;  ])nt  there  is  very  ijo<xl  iisjige 
for  tjniihs  and  ahcaiha 


*  Adjective  or  verb. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


93 


IlE^SeN  1^0. 


Insects. 


Reptiles. 


gnat 
bee 'tie 
a  pMs 
'aph  i  de§ 
crick  et 
wee  vil 


{Undeveloped.) 

larVa 
"^lar  vae 
mag  got 


newt 
liz'ard 
tur  tie 
bo  a 


cat  er  pil  lar  ad  der 
clirys  a  lis      Hor  toise 


mos  qui 'to  *cliry  sal'i  de§  ter  ra  pin 


drag'on 
ba§  i  lisk 
croc  o  dile 
al  li  ga  tor 
an  a  con 'da 
-eha  me'le  on 
sal'a  man  d3r 


IiEgjsepi  )i). 


everything- 

perceive 

creatures 

merry 

wonderful 

ditch 

dwelling' 

mercy 

microscope 

through 

thousand 

ferocious 

know- 

really 

imagine 

crowding" 

surely 

appear 

plateful 

shrimps 

Direction. — Fill  the  following  blanks  with  words  from  the  list  above. 

you  what  a is,  that glass  that  makes 

a  hundred  times  larger  than  it is.     If  you  look a  microscope 

at  a  single  drop  of water,  you  will more  than  a strange- 
shaped  ,  such  as  you  could  never , in  the  water.    It  looks 

not  unlike  a of ,  all  jumping  and upon  each  other,  and 

so are  these  little  creatures  that  they  will  tear  off  each  other's 

arms  and  legs  without ;  and  yet  they  are  happy  and after 

their  fashion. — Hans  Christian  Andersen. 


Pronunciation. — '  tOr'tis. 
*  aphides,  plural  of  aphis,    t  larvce,  plural  of  larva,    t  chrysalides,  plural  of  chrysalis. 


94 


Word  Lessons. 


Arithmetic. 

sci'ence  u'ni  form  ze'ro 

num  ber  in  te  ger  ci  plier 

in  te  gral  va  ry  ing  ad  di'tion 

con  Crete  no  ta'tion  nu  mer  a'tion 

dec  i  mal  fig'ures^  sub  trac'tion 


di  vis 'ion 
dig'its 
e  qual'i  ty 
e  qua  tion 
col'umn 
Ar  a  bic       naught        mul  ti  pli  ca'tion  min  u  end 


IiEjsgej^  )5.5. 

Arithmetic. 

sub'tra  hend      fac'tor  mul'ti  pie      al'i  quot 

dif  fer  ence         div  i  dend  frac  tions       ac  count' 

re  main'der        di  vi'sor  nu  mer  a  tor  ledg'er 

mul  ti  pli  cand'  di  vis  i  ble  cur  ren  cy      bal  ance 

mul'ti  pli  er        quo'tient  prod  uct        debt  or 

de  nom'i  na  tor  com  pos'ite  e  quiv'alent  cred  it  or 


Occupations. 

min'er  jew 'el  er  pi 'lot  phy  si'cian 

tai  lor  ped  dier  at  tor'ney  pol  i  ti'cian 

brew  er  ca  ter  er  so  lie  it  or  sur'geon 

sad  dler  huck  ster  coun'sel  or  mer  chant 

hos  tier  butch  er  ma  chin'ist  a  poth'e  ca  ry 

jan  i  tor  mil  li  ner  nui  si  cian  pho  tog  ra  pher 


A   Complete  Speller,  95 


IlEjs^aN  Jig. 

Pronunciation. 

Direction. — Practice  on  these  words  till  you  can  pronounce  them 
rapidly  in  succession  without  error. 

*  Caution.— Do  not  sound  the  c  in  tlie  unaccented  syllables  of  the 
foIloivin§:  words.     Often  — of* n^  heaven  =  heaven,  etc. 

oft'en,    heay'en,    e'ven,    sev'en,    gold'en, 
o'pen,    sliort'en,    wood'eii,    froz'en,   fallen, 
ea'gel,   grov'el,    ha'zel,    man'tel,    shov'el. 

Caution.— Sound  the  e  in  the  folio-wing  -%vords. 

chick'en,   hy'phen,   kitcli'en,   lin'en,   woolen, 
bar'rel,   lev'el,    quar'rel,    trav'el,    ves'sel. 

Caution.— Do  not  give  sh  before  r  the  sound  of  s. 

shroud,    shrunk,    shrub,    shrewd,    shrug,    slirill. 

Caution.— Do  not  drop  d  after  n  or  in  Ids. 

bands,   friends,    stand,    grand'father, 
builds,   child's,   fields,   folds,    holds,    scalds. 

Caution. — Do  not  omit  t  after-«  hard  or  in  sts, 

facts,   tracts,    in  structs',    di  rect'ly,   per'f ect  ly, 
boasts,    coasts,    fists,    ghosts,   posts,   in  sists'. 

Caution.- Sound  the  vo^vels  in  the  unaccented  syllables  of  the 
folio -wing  -words. 

ev'ery,    his'tory,    belief,    fam'ily, 

li'bra  ry,   mem'o  ry,    sev'er  al,    nom'i  na  tive. 

To  the  Teacher. — The  lessons  in  pronunciation  should  be  frequently 
taken  up  in  review. 

'^  Most  words  in  c-n  drop  the  e  in  proaunciation ;  mo.it  word.-  in  el  retain  the  e. 


96 


Word  Lessons, 


IlESseN  156. 


stupendous 

views 

sculptTired 

existence 

feathered 

guide 

image 

regrion 

chrysalis 

heathens 

later 

forth 

torpid 

ancient 

experience 

intimation 

caterpillar 

remarkable 

hoped 

soul 

animal 

wonder 

foretelling 

representation 

Directionr— ^*7Z  the  blanks  from  the  words  above. 
Transformation  of  Insects.— The    same  crawls    in    its    

shape,  sleeps  in  its  — ,  and  afterwards  springs  forth  into  the 

air  on  the  wings  of   the  butterfly.     What  a is  this 

transformation  ! 

It  is  very that  the ,  though  they  had  not  the  gospel  to 

their ,  seem  to  have  regarded  these  insect  changes  as  

that  which  they themselves  to .     We  are  told  that,  on  some 

of  their  gravestones  which  have  been  dug  up  in  years,  the 

of  the  butterfly  is  found as  a  fit of  the ,  and  as  an  

that  it  would  one  day  come  again  under  a  new  form,  and  in  a 

new  — —  of  — — . — Turner. 


Direction.— Copy  the  following^  and  study  the  italicized  words. 

Cleaniinefis. — The  skin  is  one  means  of  getting  rid  of  impure,  ref- 
use matter  from  the  blood.  For  this  purpose  it  is  supplied  with  two  or 
three  millions  of  small  tubes,  called  pores,  through  which  it  sweats  out 
the  superfluous  moisture.  These  pores  also  regidate  the  temperature 
of  the  body.  When  the  body  becomes  overheated  from  molcnt  exercise 
or  exposure  to  fire,  it  is  flooded  with  perspiration,  and  so  is  cooled  down. 

Now,  if  the  pores  become  blocked  up  with  dirt,  they  cannot  perform 
thciT  functions.  In  that  case,  either  the  skin  itself  will  become  diseased, 
or  the  blood  will  be  injured  by  being  forced  to  retain  its  impurities. 
Washing  the  skin  is  therefore  indispensable  to  health. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


97 


Homonyms. 


^  load,  a  burden, 
lode,  a  yeiu  of  ore. 

right,  correct. 
iy  rite,  a  ceremony. 
Wright,  a  workman, 
write,  to  form  letters. 

o  retch,  to  try  to  vomit. 
wretch,  a  miserable  person. 

^  rough,  uneven, 
ruff, — for  the  neck. 

P-  seam, — of  a  garment. 
seem,  to  appear. 


roe,   a  female   deer ;  the 

6  eggs  of  a  lish. 

row,  a  line ;  to  impel  with 
oars. 

rowed,  did  row. 

7  road,  a  way. 
rode,  did  ride. 

j>  root, — of  a  plant, 
route,  way. 

Q  soar,  to  fly  aloft, 
sore,  a  hurt ;  tender. 

^^  straight,  direct, 
strait,  narrow. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 
I  would  rather  be  (2)  than  be  president. — Giay. 

0  life  !  thou  art  a  galling  (1), 
Along  a  (4),  a  weary  (7), 

To  (3)es  such  as  I  ! — Bums. 

Things  are  not  what  they  (5). — Loiigfeliow.  Valor  (9)s 
above  misfortune. — AddiMn.  Strive  to  enter  in  at  the  (10) 
gate. — Bible.      Make  (10)  paths  for  your  feet— Bible.     The 

coat  was  without  (5). — Bible.  Devise,  wit  !  (2),  pen  ! — Shake- 
speare. The  (4)  was  formerly  worn  by  both  sexes.  With 
solemn  sacrificial  (2).  We  (7)  across  the  bay.  My  wander- 
ing ship  I  (6). — Sijenser.  Exhausted  with  (3)ing.  A  skillful 
wheel  (2).  A  new  (8)  for  tourists.  A  rich  (1)  of  silver. 
Be  thou  like  a  (6)  or  a  young  hart. — Bible.  Festering  (9). 
Bnjficu.     He  (7)  a  bay  horse.      The  ax  is  laid  to  the  (8). 

— Bible. 

7 


98 


Word  Lessons, 


Homonyms. 


^  moan,  a  low  sound  of  grief. 
mown,  cut  down. 

q  none,  no  one. 

nun,  a  woman  living  in  a 
nunnery. 

oar, — to  row  with. 
3  ore,  metal  with  some  other 
substance. 
o'er,  over. 

.  ode,  a  poem. 
owed,  did  owe. 

~  peak,  the  top. 
pique,  ill-will. 


purl,  a  gentle  murmur,  as 

6  of  a  brook. 

pearl,  a  precious  substance. 

plain,  clear ;  simple ;  level 

7  ground. 

plane,  a  tool;  level  surface. 

pore,  an  opening ;  to  study 

8  closely. 

pour,  to  empty  out. 

raise,  to  lift  up. 

9  rays, — of  light, 
raze,  to  pull  down. 

-.^  rice,  a  grain. 

rise  (noun),  an  ascent. 


Direction. — Put  tJie  right  loord  in  the  right  place. 
The  holy  time  is  quiet  as  a  (2) 
Breathless  with  adoration. — WardfswKyrth. 

From  (5)  to  (5),  the  rattling  crags  among. 

Leaps  the  live  thunder. — Byron. 
He  who  would  search  for  (6)s  must  dive  below. — Dryden, 
Express  thyself  in  (7),  not  doubtful,  words. — Drydou  Kip- 
pling  waters  made  a  pleasant  (1). — Byron.  Louder  and 
louder  (6)  the  falling  rills. — Bipe.  Ye  shall  flee  when  (2) 
pursueth. — Bible.  All  wickedness  taketh  its  (10)  from  the 
heart. — Nelson.  It  never  rains  but  it  (8)s. — Old  Saying.  (3) 
the  blue  billows  we  glide.  A  petty  (5)  against  his  neighbor. 
The  (8)s  of  the  skin.  A  rich  vein  of  (3).  (4)s  of  Horace, 
A  smootliing  (7).  The  Chinese  live  chiefly  on  (10).  The 
Lord  shall  (9)  him  up. — BUAc.  A  galley  is  propelled  by  (3)s. 
He  (4)  a  debt  of  gratitude.  New-(l)  hay.  Ye  little  stars, 
hide  your  diminished  (9). — l\>pe.  Cities  (9)d  and  warriors 
slain. — Ibpe. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


99 


IlEggejvi  )4e. 

Homonyms. 


scene,  a  view. 

1  seen,  beheld. 

seine,  a,  large  net  for  fish. 

scull, — with  an  oar  over  the 

2  stern. 

skull,  bone  of  the  head. 

o  slight,  small ;  to  neglect. 
sleight,  a  trick. 

sole,  only  ;  bottom  of  the 
4  foot. 

soul,  spirit. 

^  staid,  sober. 
staid  or  stayed,  did  stay. 


sew, — with  a  needle. 
6  so,  in  this  way. 
sow,  to  scatter. 

„  steal,  to  take  without  right. 
steel,  hardened  iron. 

r,  toe,  part  of  the  foot. 
tow,  to  pull ;  coarse  flax. 

^  told,  did  tell. 
'^  tolled,  did  toll. 

^^  ton,  a  weight. 
tun,  a  large  cask. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

He  (6)ed  with  stars  the  heaven. — MUton.  0  that  men 
should  put  an  enemy  into  their  mouths,  to  (7)  away  their 
brains  ! — Shakespeare.  A  charming  (1)  of  nature  is  displayed. 
— Di-yden.  (5)  Wisdom's  hue. — Milton.  If  they  transgi'ess  and 
(3)  that  (4)  command. — 2{moH.     We  have  (1)  better  days. — 

Shakespeare.      My  heart   is  true  as  (7). — Shakespeare.      I  can   sing, 

weave,  (6),  and  dance. — Shakespeare.  They  went  and  (9)  the 
sexton,  and  the  sexton  (9)  the  bell. — Hood.  But  the  dove 
found  no  rest  for  the  (4)  of  her  foot.— Bible.  His  own  figure 
was  formerly  (6)  {^).— Scott.  Trip  it  as  you  go,  on  the  light 
fantastic  {%)—mit(m.  (3)  of  hand.  Fishermen  drawing  a 
(1).  (8)  the  disabled  vessel  into  port.  He  (2)s  across  the 
ferry.  The  (10)  of  2,000  lbs.  The  vision  (5)  but  for  a 
moment.  (2)s  that  will  not  \e?iru.—Co^pper.  Draw  (10)s  of 
blood  out  of  thy  country's  breast. — Shakespeare.  It  is  a  fear- 
ful thing  to  see  the  human  (4)  take  w'mg.— Byron. 


lOO 


Word  Lessons, 


IlESgeN   14}. 

Troublesome 

Words— ?    or 

11. 

Direction.— Learn  to  spell  and  to  use. 

un  til' 

al  might  y 

in  telli  gent 

al  to  geth  er 

till 

me  tal  lie 

par'al  lei 

al  read'y 

always 

ex'cel  lence 

ex  eel  lent 

wel'come 

also 

mill  ion 

mil  i  ta  ry 

bel  fry 

al  most 

rail  ler  y 

chil  blain 

wel  fare 

col  lege 

ar  til'ler  y 

dil  i  gent 

bul  rush 

TJse. — Almighty  power  ;  metallic  sound  ;  highest  degree  of  excel- 
lence ;  not  derision,  but  good-humored  raillery  ;  chilblains  on  the 
feet  ;  diligent  in  business  ;  altogether  lovely  ;  the  nation's  welfare. 

IiEjsiseN  14^. 

ough. 

ou  =  iioo,  0,  Q,  a,  u,  6.  gh  =:  /,  h,  2h  or  is  silent. 

Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  to  use. 

{gh  is  silent  except  -wliere  tlie  sound  is  Indicated.) 


aoo 

bough 
dough 'ty 
drought 
*plougli 
slough 


O 

dough 
bor'ough 
fur  lough 
thor  ough 
though 

p 

through 


a 

bought 
brought 
cough  (/) 
fought 
fnouglit 
ought 
sought 
thought 
trough  (/) 
wrought 


e  nough'  (/) 
hie 'cough  (p) 
rough  (/) 
slough  (/) 
sough  (/) 
tough  (/) 

6 

hough  (k) 
Jlough  (h) 


*  or  ploMT. 


•f  more  projK'rly  uaufu^liti 


%  or  loch. 


A   Complete  SjfdliK^\ 


IiEjs^eM  us. 


ie  and  ei. 

RULE.— i  before  e 

Except  after  c. 

Or  when  sounded  as  a. 

As  in  neighbor  and  weigh.— Dr.  Brewer. 

Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  to  use  these  words. 


ie  =  € 

^ 

a  chieve' 

bre  vier' 

front'ier 

ag  grieyc 

chief 

grief 

be  lief 

field 

grieve 

be  lieve 

fiend 

lief 

bier 

fierce 

liege 

brief 

frieze 

li'en 

mien 

niece 

pier 

pierce 

piece 

priest 

TJse, — Achieve  success  ;  aggrieved  by  oppression  ;  mourners  fol- 
lowed the  bier ;  brevier  type  ;  the  arch  fiend,  Satan  ;  the  frieze  of  the 
Parthenon  ;  frontier  towns  ;  as  lief  go  as  not  ;  a  liege  lord  ;  a  lien 
upon  property  ;  with  lordly  mien. 


IlEg^eN  144. 


Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  to  use  these  words. 


re  lief 

-le  =  e — 

shield 

thieve 

le  =  1 

die 

le  =  1 

ker'chief 

le  =  e 

friend 

re  lieve 

shriek 

tierce 

lie 

mis  chief 

re  prieve 

siege 

tier 

l^ie 

sieve 

re  trieve 

sor'tie 

wield 

tie 

se'ries 

thief 

yield 

vie 

Use.— To  reprieve  a  criminal ;  to  retrieve  one's  character  ;  a  series 
of  triumphs  ;  a  sortie  from  a  fortress  ;  a  tierce  of  wine  ;  to  wield 
great  power  ;  to  vie  with  the  best. 


'JD2 


A   Complete  Speller. 


LEgS0]\I   )4i. 


ei  =  a  or  a. 


Direction.- 

-Spell  and  use. 

deign 

hei'nous 

0  bei'sance 

sleigh 

eight 

heir 

reign 

their 

feign 

in  vefgh' 

rein 

veil 

feint 

neigh 

rein'deer 

vein 

freight 

neigh'bor 

skein 

weigh 

Use, — To  deign  a  smile  ;  to  feign  sickness  ;  deceived  by  a  feint ;  a 
heinous  crime  ;  heir  to  the  throne  ;  to  inveigh  against  rulers  ;  made 
a  low  obeisance. 


liESSeN    146. 

Direction. — Spell  and  use. 


ei  after  c. 

, Except 

ions  to  "i  before  e." n 

con  ceit' 

ei  =  e 

ei  =  e 

ei  =  i 

con  ceive 

ei'ther 

heifer 

coun'ter  felt 

ceil 

nei  ther 

non  pa  reil' 

for  feit 

ceil'ing 

lei  sure 

sur  feit 

de  ceit' 

in  vei'gle 

ei  =  1 

for  eign 

dc  ceive 

seine 

sleight 

sov  er  eign 

per  ceive 

seize 

height 

mul  lein 

re  ceipt 

weird 

ka  lei 'do  scope 

re  ceive 

Exception  to  ei  after  c. — fin  an  cier' 

Use— Wise  in  his  own  conceit ;  to  conceive  an  idea  ;  leisure  hours  ; 
inveigled  by  artifice  ;  weird  ghosts  ;  nonpareil  type  ;  sleight  of  hand  ; 
lo  surfeit  with  sweets  ;  a  skillful  financier  for  treasurer. 

To  tlie  Teacher.— Let  the  pupil  learn  the  simple,  rhyming  rule  in 
Less.  143,  witli  the  exceptions  given  in  lesson  146,  and  he  **  holds  the  key  to 
the  situation." 

The  ie  in  whieli  i  is  a  consonant,  as  in  ancient,  and  the  ie  resulting  from 
changing  y  to  i,  as  in  faiicien,  need  hardly  be  noted  as  exceptions. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


103 


Homonyms. 


aisle,  a  passage  in  a  church. 

1  isle,  an  island. 
I'll,  I  will. 

2  bale,  a  bundle. 

bail,  surety;    handle  of  a 
kettle. 

o  breach,  a  gap,  a  break, 
breech,  part  of  a  gun. 

.  broach,  to  make  public. 
brooch,  a  bosom  pin. 

^  clause,  part  of  a  sentence. 
claws,  nails  of  animals. 

r.  core,  the  heart  of  anything. 
corps,  a  body  of  soldiers. 


w  crews,  ships'  companies, 
cruise,  to  go  back  and  forth 
on  the  ocean. 

dun,  a  color  ;  to  ask  for 
8        debt. 
done,  performed. 

Q  hoard,  a  secret  store. 
horde,  a  tribe. 

-.^  loan,  something  lent. 
lone,  having  no  company ; 
not  inhabited. 


11 


mews,  cries  as  a  cat. 
muse,  to  think. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 


Summer's  (8)  cloud  comes  thundering  up. — nerpont.  'Mid 
storms  to  (7)  for  pleasure. — To^i^ig.  What's  (8)  is  (8). — 
Shakespeare.  For  (10)  oft  loses  both  itself  and  friend. — SMke- 
speare.  (11)  on  nature  with  a  poet's  eye. — Campbea.  The  (l)s 
of  Greece  ! — Bynm.  Leave  you  in  (10)  woods. — Bype.  Once 
more  unto  the  (3),  dear  friends  ! — Shakespeare.  The  squirrel's 
(9). — Shakespeare.  Excessive  (2)  ought  not  to  be  required. — 
Biackstone.  (1)  do  your  bidding.  Down  the  long  (1).  A  (2) 
of  cotton.  A  (3)-loading  gun.  A  (5)  of  doubtful  meaning. 
Pierced  to  the  very  (6).  Those  very  opinions  themselves 
had  (4:)Qdi.— Swift.  A  barbarian  (9).  When  the  cat  (11), 
and  the  owl  hoots.  The  (5)  of  beasts  and  birds.  A  (6) 
of  infantry.  Great  ships  with  gallant  (7).  Honor's  a  good 
(4)  to  wear.  — B.  Jottsmi. 


I04 


Word  Lessons, 


Homonyms. 


cite,  to  call  up. 

1  sight,  a  yiew. 
site,  a  situation. 

2  climb,  to  ^o  up. 
clime,  region,  climate. 

o  cord,  a  string. 
chord, — in  music. 

.  faint,  to  swoon  ;  weak. 
feint,  a  pretense. 

^  fate,  destiny, 
fete,  a  festival. 


n  cast,  to  throw. 
caste,  a  class  of  society. 

Y  cede,  to  yield. 
-"^   what  is  sown. 


Q  chased,  did  chase, 
chaste,  pure. 

^  dire,  dreadful, 
dyer,  one  wlio  colors. 

fain,  gladly. 
10  fane,  a  temple, 
feign,  to  pretend. 


Direction. — Bid  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 


Father  of  all  I  in  every  (2f)  adored. — ihi^e.     The  devil  can 

/s(l)  Scripture  for  his  purpose. — Shakesj)eare.     (4)  heart  ne'er 

won  fair  lady. — Fi-overb.     Sucl^l)s  as  youthful  poets  dream. 

— MiUan.     LovG  took  up  the  harp  of  Life,  and  smote  on  all 

the  (3)s  with  might. — Tenuymi.     To  bear  is  to  conquer  our 

n/  (5). — Campbell.     In  the  morning  sow  thy  (7). — Bible.     Mine 

enemies  (8)  me  sore,  like  a  bird. — Bible.     John  was  (G)  into 

prison. — Bible.     She  let  them  down  by  a  (3)  through  the 

window. — Bible. ^10)  thyself  to  be  a  mom'ncY.—Bibie.y^{9) 

was  the  noise  of  conflict.— J/t;/o«.  v^(lO)  would  I  (2)  but  that 

I  fear  to  fall. — Raleigh.  /^8)  as  morning  dew. — Ymmj.     A 

^  sacred  (10)  in  Egypt's  fruitful  land. — TkMi     In  India,  each 

(6)  has  a  distinct  occupation.     Tlie  general  made  a  (4),  to 

draw  out  the  enemy.     Preparing  for  the  grand  (5).     To  (7) 

territory.^ A  (9)  of  wool. ^fA  stone  marks  the  (1)  of  the 

house. — Jfviug. 


A    Complete  Speller. 


05 


Homonyms. 


-.  fort,  a  fortified  place, 
forte,  what  one  can  do  best. 

^  freeze,  to  harden  with  cold. 

'*'  Meze,  a  part  of  a  building ; 

a  kind  of  cloth. 

o  knave,  a  rogue. 
nave,  middle  of  a  church ; 
center  of  a  wheeh 

.  maize,  Indian  corn, 
maze,  confusion  of  paths. 

f.  mite,  anything  very  small. 
might,  power  ;  imst  of  may, 

mean,  low ;  to  intend ;  mid- 
6  die  point. 

mien,  manner,  appearance. 


peer,  an  equal ;  a  noble- 

7  man. 

pier,  stone-work  for   sup- 
port. 

pole,  a  long  stick  ;  end  of 

8  the  earth's  axis. 

poll,  the  head ;  place  for 
voting. 

Q  reck,  to  care  (poetical), 
wreck,  ruin. 

^  ^  reek,  to  steam,  to  smoke, 
wreak,    to    execute    with 
anger. 

ring,  a  circle ;  to  sound  a 
11        bell. 

wring,  to  ^twist. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  ivord  in  the  right  place. 


In  song  he  never  had  his  (7). — Bryden.     Spread  the  truth 

from    (8)    to    (8). — Acldixmi.      (11)    out,    wild  bells  ! — TennysM}. 

She  threw  in  two  (5)s. — Bible.  How  are  the  (5)y  fallen  !— 
Bible.  Make  a  (11)  about  the  corpse  of  Caesar. — stiakespeare. 
And  let  me  (11)  your  hearts. — Shakespeare.  A  (9)  past  hope 
he  was. — Shakespeare.  On  me  let  death  (10)  all  his  rage. — 
Milton.  The  sun  on  the  (lO)-ing  moisture  fed. — Milton.  In 
wandering  (4)s  lost. — uYiitmi.  What  majestic  (6)  ! — ihpe. 
"Hold  the  (1)."  The  (3),  or  hub.  (4)  is  a  native  of 
America.  Two  (7)s  support  the  bridge.  The  (8)s  close  at 
sundown.  Music  is  not  his  (1).  The  (2)  is  below  the 
cornice.  More  (3)  than  fool. — Mariom.  Little  he'll  (9). — 
Wotfe.  The  golden  (6)  between  two  extremes.  Water  (2)s 
at  32°  above  zero. 


o6  Word  Lessons. 


Review. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  w*ord. 

1.  (Rite,  right)  is  more  than  (mite,  might),  and  justice 

more  than  (mail,  male) . —  Whutiei: 

2.  The  crooked  shall  be  (made,  maid)  (strait,  straight)  and 

the  (ruff,  rough)  places  (plane,  plain). — Bible. 

3.  The  (retch,  wretch)ed  have  no  friends. — Dnjden. 

4.  Men  should  be  what  they  (seem,  seam). — Shakespeare. 

5.  His  (style,  stile)  in  (right,  rite,  wright,  write)ing  was 

(chased,  chaste)  and  pure. — Addison. 

6.  He  had  kept  the  whiteness  of  his  (sole,  soul)  and  thus 

men  (o'er,  oar)  him  wept. — Byron. 

7.  In  the  morning  (scav,  sow,  so)  thy  (seed,  cede).- — Bible. 

8.  (Rise,  rice)  is  (razed,  raised)  upon  lowlands. 

9.  Years  (steel,  steal)  fire  from  the  mind. — Byron. 

10.  The  (nave,  knave)  of  a  cathedral  is  the  part  between 

the  (aisles,  isles). 

11.  Strung  together  like  a  (roe,  row)  of  (pearls,  purls). — 

Byron. 

12.  (Feint,  faint)  (heart,  hart)  ne'er  (one,  won)  (fair,  fare) 

lady. — Proverb. 

13.  The  women  are  weeping  and  (wringing,  ringing)  1( their, 

th  ere  )  h  ands.  — Kinydey. 

14.  The  (scull,  skull)  protects  the  organs  of  (site,  sight). 

15.  Members  of  the  cat  tribe  (clime,  climb)  by  means  of 

their  (clause,  claws). 

16.  (Fate,  fete)  (steals,  steels)  along  with  silent  tread.— 

Cowper. 

17.  He  shall  come  down  like  (rain,  reign)  upon  the  (moan, 

mown)  grass. — Bible. 

18.  A  (horde,  hoard)  of  savages  rushed  through  the  (breech, 

breach)  into  the  (forte,  fort). 


A    Complete  Speller, 


107 


IlESSeN  1^1. 


au  and  a"w  =  a. 


gaudy 
au  burn 
auc  tion 
plau  dit 
pau  per 
cau  cus 
maud  lin 


awk'ward 
taw  dry 
saw  yer 
awn  ing 
taw  ny 
law  suit 
haw  thorn 


ou  and  ow 

noun 
cloud 'y 
floun  der 
ca  rouse' 
es  pouse 
a  rouse 
de  vour 


ou  in  house 
cow'er 
dow  ry 
pow  der 
drow  sy 
bow  er 
prowl  er 
vow  el 


er,  re.        ic,  ick. 

To  the  pupil. — The  following  words  are  written  by  some  with  the 
termination  er,  and  by  others  with  re. 

cen'ter        mea'ger        sa'ber  som'ber 

fi  ber  me  ter  seep  ter  spec  ter 

lus  ter         mi  ter  sep  ul  cher        the  a  ter 

(111  the  folio-wing  r  precedes  e  to  gire  c  tlie  hard  sound.) 

a'cre         lu'cre         mas'sa  ere         me'di  o  ere 

To  the  pupil. — The  following  words,  formerly  ending  in  ck,  bring 
back  the  ic  to  keep  c  hard,  when  a  suffix  beginning  with  e,  i,  or  y  is 
added.     Add  k  to  the  following  primitives  and  join  the  suffixes. 


froric    +  ed,  ing 
mim  ic  -f  ed,  ing,  er 
col  ic     +  y 


phys'ic  +  ed,  ing 

traf  fie  +  ed,  ing,  er 

phthis  ic  (tizO  -{-  y 


io8 


Word  Lessons. 


IlEjsgeN  jss. 


penetrate 

pierced 

hastening: 

juice 

scarcely 

dried 

abundant 

drain 

woody- 

foliage 

fountain 

surface 

leathery 

moistens 

vegetable 

receive 

barren 

.  several 

nourishing" 

bowls 

Direction. — Fill  the  Hanks  from  the  words  above. 

The  Cow-tree  of  Soutli  A  merica.— On  the  flank  of  a  rock 

grows  a  tree  with  dry  and  le-aves  ;  its  large roots  can 

into  the  stony  soil.     For months  in  the  year  not  a  single 

shower its .    Its  branches  appear  dead  and ;  yet,  as  soon 

as  the  trunk  is ,  there  flows  from  it  a  sweet  and milk.     It  is 

at  sunrise  that  this is  most .     The  natives  are  then  to 

be  seen from  all  quarters,  furnished  with  large to  the 

milk,  which  grows  yellow  and  thickens  at  the .     Some their 

bowls  under  the  tree,  while  others  carry  home  the  ~  to  their  children 
— Hurnboldt, 


IlEggeN  1^4. 


Direction. — Copy  the  following,  and  study  the  italicized  words. 

Jerrold  had  afavoiite  dog,  that  followed  him  everywhere.  One  day, 
in  the  country,  a  lady  who  was  passing  turned  round  and  said  audibly, 
"  What  an  ugly  little  brute!  "  whereupon,  Jerrold,  addressing  the  lady, 
replied,  "  Oh,  madam!  I  wonder  what  he  thinks  about  us  at  this  mo- 
ment 1 " 

He  was  so  benevolent,  so  merciful  a  man  that,  in  his  mistaken  com- 
passion, ho  would  have  held  an  umbrella  over  a  duck  in  a  shower  of 
rain. — Douglas  Jerrold. 


Some  people  are  as  careful  of  thoir  religion  as  of  their  best  service  of 
china,  using  it  only  on  holy  occasions.— Douglas  Jerrold, 


A   Complete  Speller, 


109 


IlE3156]\[  )^§. 


Direction. — Learn  to  spell  and  to  use  these  words.     Study  down  the 
columns,  then  from  left  to  right. 


per  or  pur. 
per 'jure  pur'cLase 


de   or  di. 
de  scend'      di  gest' 


per  sist' 
per  spire 
per  suade 
per  verse 
per  vade 
per  se  vere' 


pur  port 
pur  pose 
pur  loin' 
pur  sue 
pur  suit 
pur  su  ance 


de  scribe 
de  spair 
de  spise 
de  spite 


di  rect 
dis  patch 
dis  sect 
di  verge 


de  spond      dis  pense 
de  stroy        di  vide 


XJse. — To  perjure  one's  self  ;  to  persist  in  evil  doing  ;  perverse 
disposition  ;  to  pervade  the  universe  ;  the  purport  of  his  words  ;  to 
purloin  an  umbrella  ;  in  pursuance  of  truth  ;  despite  his  prejudices  ; 
telegraphic  dispatches  ;  to  dissect  a  body  ;  diverging  paths  ;  to  dis- 
pense rations  ;  to  dispense  with  formality. 


l£ES5©]VI  :i^6. 


Pronunciation. 

— (See  Key,  pp. 

36  and  71.) 

again 

bellows 

di'a  mond 

ep'oeh 

(agSnO 

(bgrius) 

T  •                           / 

^ 

a'ged 
al  ly' 

be  nea^fe- 

di§  arm 

ere 

bi'cy  cle 

dig  as'ter 

ev'er  y 

(three  syl.) 

(noun  and  verb) 

c^s'si  mere 

discern 

(diz  zeni') 

extraor'dinary 

almond 

(il'mund) 

cem'e  ter  y 
9ha  grin' 

di§  dain' 
dishonest 

fau  cet 
Feb'rii  a  ry 

al  p^c'a 

column 

(diz  On'est) 

fig'ure 

anxiety 

(ang  zl'e  ty) 

(kOl'um) 

cu'cum  ber 

dis  own' 
d(3m'i  nie 

flo'rist 
for  bMe' 

anxious 

cu'po  la 

forehead 

(angk'shus) 

d^c'ade 

drom'e  da 

ry 

(fOr'ed) 

auxiliary 

de  sist' 

elm 

gallows 
©ii'ius) 

(awg  zil'ya  ry) 

{not  zist) 

(one  syl.) 

no 

Word  Lessons. 

LEggoN  :i^7- 

Belonging  to  War. 

^colonel 

pa  trol'       reg'i  ment 

rais'sile 

chap 'lain 

re  cruit       bat  tal'ion 

tom  a  hawk 

ma  jor 

arm  or'       cav'al  ry 

ar  til'ler  y 

ad  ju  tant 

bar'rack     mi  li'tia 

ammuni'tion 

lieu  ten 'ant 

^biv  ouac     ep'au  let 

ar'se  nal 

^ser'geant 

re  doubt'    cam  ])aign' 

knap  sack 

cor  po  ral 

'corps          cais'son 

ma  neu'ver 

Change  of  Accent. 

To  the  pupil. — The  accent  is  on  the  first  syllable  of  the  following 
words  when  they  are  used  as  nouns  or  adjectives,  and  on  the  second 
when  used  as  verbs. 

Direction. — Study  the  spelling,  pronunciation,  and  use. 
NounHor^Ldj.  Verbs.  Nouns  or  Adj.  Verbs. 


ab'stract 

ab  s tract' 

per'fume 

per  fume' 

ac'cent 

ac  cent' 

per'mit 

per  mit' 

com 'pound 

com  pound' 

pre 'fix 

pre  iix' 

con 'cert 

con  cert' 

prem'ise 

pre  mT§e' 

con'trast 

con  trast' 

pres'ent 

pre  sent' 

con 'verse 

con  verse' 

prod'uce 

pro  duce' 

es'cort 

es  cort' 

proj'ect 

pro  ject' 

ex'poii; 

ex  port' 

rec'ord 

re  cord' 

fer'ment 

fer  ment' 

re 'tail 

re  tail' 

fre'quent 

fre  quent' 

sur'vey 

sur  vey' 

Pronunciation.— >  kur'nel.    •sAr'jent.    •blv'wak.    «knr. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


III 


Miscellaneous  Test  Words. 

Illustrate  the  use  of  each  word.    The  words  t.re  arranged 


Direction^ 

alphabetically  to  aid  in  consulting  the  dictionary 


}^9. 

J60. 

J6} 

16^. 

*dy'ing 

can'ni  bal 

di  rect'o  ry 

fer'rule 

lying 

can  0  py 

dis'ci  pline 

flip  pant 

tying 

car  a  mel 

dis  course' 

florid 

ac  id 

cat  a  logue 

dis'si  pate 

fos  sil 

ag  i  tate 

chal  lenge 

dis  suade' 

fren  zy 

aloe 

cig  ar  ette' 

di  vorce 

fric  as  see' 

ambulance 

cit'i  zen 

doily 

friy'o  lous 

an  gel'ic 

"clique 

duch  ess 

gal  ax  y 

an'o  dyne 

CO  erce' 

dun  geon 

gos  sa  mer 

^an  ten'na  co  er  cion 

^an  ten  nae  col  lapse 

a  pel  o  gy  college 

ap  pall  CO  logne' 

ap  par  el  con'di  ment 

ap'pe  tize  con  science 

ar  id  con  test 'ant 

ar  mo  ry  cri'sis 

as  sess'or  'cri  ses 

ath'lete  ^cro  chef 

av  a  langhe'  ^cro  quet 

bal'lot  deb'it 

ben  e  fit  de  ci'sive 

bot  a  nize  de  co  rous 

cal  ci  mine  dem'a  gogue 


e  con'o  my    guid  ance 
e  laj^se  guin  ea 

el'e  meht       gut  tur  al 
em  bar'rass  by  brid 
em  bel  lisb   ice-floe 
em'er  y  id  i  o  cy 

em  pba  size  im  be  cile 
en  deav'or     im  per'il 
en  durance  in 'fa  mous 
e  vap  o  rate  in  form 'ant 
•ex  ag  ger  ate  in  stall 
''ex  bale  in'ter  val 

''ex  bil  a  rate  ir  ri  gate 
''ex  hort  i  sin  glass 

fan'ci  ful       lac  quer 


Pronunciation.— ' -na.  2 -se  =  6.  3  kl5k.    *-8ez.    ^krogim/    skrOka'.     '-egz 
*  In  adding  ing  to  d\e,  lie,  and  (ie,  the  e  is  dropped,  according  to  Rule  I.,  and  then 
the  i  is  changed  to  y  to  prevent  two  i's  from  coming  together. 


TI2 


Word  Lessons, 


Miscellaneous  Test  Words. 

Direction. — Illustrate  the  use  of  each  word.    The  words  arc  arranged 
alphabetically  to  aid  in  consulting  the  dictionary. 


)65. 

164. 

16^. 

166. 

lax 'a  tive 

nas  tur'tium 

L  port'able 

strat'agem 

lax  i  ty 

nu'cle  us 

pre  vent'ive 

strat  e  gy 

league 

ob  e  lisk 

prim'i  tive 

strat  i  fy 

lev'i  ty 

ob  scene ' 

prog  e  ny 

tel  e  gram 

lex  i  con 

op'er  a 

pro  pel' 

ten  ta  cle 

li  cense 

^or  ches  tra 

prot'est  ant 

ter  ma  gant 

lit  i  gate 

or  i  gin 

prov  ince 

terse 

lit  a  ny 

or  tho  dox 

pur  ga  tive 

tim'o  rous 

lit  ur  gy 

ox  y  gen 

pu  tre  fy 

'tra  che  a 

lu  cid 

par  a  ble 

qua  drille' 

^tro  che 

lug  gage 

^ar  a  chute 

quad'ru  ped 

tu  i'tion 

mal  ice 

par  k  dise 

^qualm 

tyr'an  ny 

ma  lign' 

ped  ant 

rai'ment 

u  §urp' 

mam 'moth 

pen  nant 

ran  cor 

u'til  ize 

mar  riage 

per  fi  dy 

ratcli  et 

ve  neer' 

mar  tyr 

per  me  ate 

rav  age 

ven'om 

mas  to  don 

pes  ti  lence 

rec  i  pe 

ven  ti  late 

med  ley 

pet  ri  fy 

sil  hou  ette 

ver  dant 

me  lo'de  on 

pis  ton 

sparse 

ver  mil'ion 

moc'ca  sin 

plac  id 

sphinx 

ver'rain 

mon  0  gram  *pom  ace 

spu'ri  ous 

vol  a  tile 

motor 

*pum  ice 

sten  cil 

wily 

mu  ti  late 

pomp  ous 

stim  u  lant 

wit  ti  cism 

myr  i  ad 

por  ous 

suav  i  ty 

wres  tie 

Pronunciation.—*  firlces  tra.    '  -Bhoot.    « kwim.    *  trfl'ke  k.    •  trO'kfi. 
♦pomace  (pQm'as),  substance  of  crushed  apples,  etc.;  pfimice,  a  volcanic  eub- 
Btance. 


PART     III 


IiE^jsejvi  J67i 

Misused  Words. 

Direction. — Compare  the  words  of  each  group  ;  study  the  meaning 
and  use  of  each  word. 


-,  love 

^'  like 

2  atv fully 

'  veiy 

o  lear?i 

'  teach 


A 

elegant 

7. 

stop 

rr» 

delightful 

stay 

lovely 

Q 

splendid 

5. 

pretty 
pleasant 

o. 

excellent 

9. 

can 

R 

funny 

may 

u« 

strange 

Direction. — Correct  the  following  errors.     The  proper  wor:ls  will  be 
found  above. 

Do  you  love  green  peas  ? 

We  had  an  awfully  good  time. 

These  people  are  awfully  jolly. 

He  learnt  me  to  swim. 

What  an  elegant  time  we  did  have  ! 

Don't  you  think  that  hat  is  lovely  f 

It  is  a  lovely  day. 

It  is  funny  that  I  cannot  recollect  it. 

My  friend  is  stopping  at  the  Fifth  Avenue  Hotel. 

This  roast  beef  is  splendid. 

Can  I  see  you  a  moment  ? 


To  the  Teacher.— Let  the  pupils  give  examples  of  the  correct  use  of  the 
italicized  words. 
8 


114 


Word  Lessons, 


IlEggGN  J6S. 
Misused  Words. 


Direction. — Compare  the  words  of  each  group  ;  study  the  meaning 
and  use  of  each  word. 


-.     expect 
'   suppose 

n     locate 
^'   settle 

calculate 
o    believe 
'^'   likely 

intend 


.     reckon 
'   believe 

ladies 
^    women 
*    *(jentlemen 
men 

n    perpetually 
'    continually 


n     anticipate 
expect 

^*    think 


9. 


halance 
remainder 


Direction. — Correct  the  following  errors.     The  proper  words  will  be 
found  above. 

1  expect  that  you  were  disappointed. 

I  intend  to  locate  in  the  West. 

Tliey  could  not  have  found  a  better  man,  I  calculate. 

His  intentions  are  good,  bat  his  acts  are  calculated  to  do 

much  harm. 
I  calculate  to  go  West  in  the  spring. 
They  will  not  try  that  again,  I  reckon. 
Gentlemen  have  as  much  curiosity  as  ladies. 
They  made  excellent  sales-/«c?iV«?. 
The  Irish  aro perpetually  using  "shall  "  for  "will." 
Her  deatb  is  hourly  anticipated. 
I  guess  that  you  are  getting  tired. 
The  balance  of  the  day  was  spent  with  his  books. 

To  the  Tenclier.— Let  the  pupils  give  cvMmi'lc-^  (if  tlu;  correct  use  of  tHo 
italicized  words. 


*  goU»  \9  vulgar. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


115 


Misused  Words. 


Direction. — Compare  the  words  of  each  group  ;  study  the  meaning 
and  use  of  each  word. 


residence 
-.     house 
'    reside 
live 


section 
jighborhood 


9  sec 

^'  nei 

o  propose 

'  purpose 


A  recommend 

'  advise 

K  predicate 

'  found 

P  contemptible 

'  contemptuous 

^  dangerous 

*  '-^  danger 


in 


g  universal 

*  general 

g  transpire 

*  Dass 


-.^    posted 
'   informed 

1 1     most 
almost 


Direction. — Correct  the  following  errors.     The  proper  words  will  be 
found  above. 


We  shall  not  reside  in  our  new  residence  this  year. 

The  people  are  very  sociable  in  our  section. 

I  propose  to  write  a  true  history. 

You  are  recommended  to  try  the  opposite  course. 

My  statement  was  predicated  on  reliable  information. 

I  have  a  contemptible  opinion  of  such  performances. 

This  opinion  is  daily  becoming  more  universal. 

Several  weeks  have  transpired,  and  nothing  has  been  done. 

This  man  keeps  himself  well  posted. 

The  child  is  quite  ill,  but  not  dangerous, 

I  have  spent  most  all  my  money. 

I  am  most  through. 


To  <lie  Teacher.— Let  the  pupils  give  examples  of  the  correct  use  of  the 
italicized  words. 


Ii6 


Word  Lessons. 


LEsseNJs  170,  m,  n% 


Abbreviations. 


Direction. — Copy  and  learn  the  abbreviations.   Study  the  spelling  of 

the  words. 


170. 


of 


A.  B.,      Bachelor 
Arts. 

A.D.  (Anno  Domini), 
in  the  Year  of  Our 
Lord. 

set.  (astatis),  aged. 

A.M.,  Before  noon  ; 
Master  of  Arts. 

Anon.,  Anonymous 

Ans.,  Answer. 

Av.  or  Ave.,  Avenue. 

Atty.,  Attorney. 

B.C.,  Before  Christ. 

cf.  (confer),  compare. 

Co.,  Company  ;  Coun- 
ty. 

Coll.,  College ;  Collect- 
or. 

cwt.,  hundred-weight. 

E.,  East. 

e.  g.  (exempli  gratia), 
for  example. 

Bng.,  England  ;  Eng- 
lish. 

Esq.,  Esquire. 

etc.  (et  coetera)  or  &c., 
and  others,  and  so 
forth. 

Ex.,  Example. 

ft.,  foot ;  feet. 


Gov.,  Governor. 
hhd.,  hogshead. 
id.  (idem),  the  same. 
i.  e.  (id  est),  that  is. 
Jr.,  Junior. 
1.,  line. 
11.,  lines. 

Lieut.,  Lieutenant. 
LL.D.,Doctorof  Laws. 
M.,  Meridian,  or  noon. 
M.  O.,  Member  of  Con- 


min.,  minutes. 
Mile.,  Mademoiselle. 
Mme.,  Madame, 
mo.,  month. 
MS.,  Manuscript. 
MSS.,  Manuscripts. 
Mt.,  Mountain. 
N.,  North. 

N.B.'Nota  bene).  Note 
well. 


p.,  page. 

pp.,  pages. 

Ph.  D.,  Doctor  of  Phi- 
losophy. 

P.M.,  Postmaster  ;  af- 
ternoon. 

Pres.,  President. 

pro  tern.,  for  the  time 
being. 

P.S.,  Postscript. 

pwt.,  pennyweight. 

R.R.,  Railroad. 

S.,  South. 

Sec,  Secretary. 

sq.  ft.,  square  feet. 

St.,  Street  ;  Sainf. 

Supt.,  Superintendent 

tr.,  transpose. 

U.S.A.,  United  States 
of  America. 

viz.  (videlicet),  name- 
ly, to  wit. 

vol.,  volume. 

vs.  (versus),  against. 

W.,  We«t. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


117 


llEgS0N  )7i. 

Parts  of  a  Ship. 

prow 

shroud           till'er 

star'board 

stern 

hatch             ca  boose' 

lar  board 

keel 

berth             bin'na  cle 

bow  sprit 

hull 

tack'le           fore  cas  tie 

fore-mast 

helm 

rig  ging         cap  stan 

main -mast 

rud'der 

hal  yards       wind  lass 

IlEggej^   174. 
Pertaining  to  Sailing. 

miz  zen-mast 

'yacht 

ca  noe'            na'vy 

har'bor 

yawl 

galley            flo  tilla 

ham  mock 

launch 

gon  do  la        com 'pass 

\  ad  mi  ral 

do'ry 

schoon  er        bal  last 

com  mo  dore 

frig  ate 

pri  va  teer'    ^buoy 

cap  tain 

cat  a  ma  ran'    mon'i  tor        anchor 

ma  rine' 

IiESSe]V[  175. 

Precious  Stones. 

pearl 

quartz            cam'e  0 

di'a  mond 

ru'by 

to'paz            em  er  aid 

am  e  thyst 

0  pal 

jas  per           brill  iant 

mal  a  -ehite 

ag  ate 

gar  net          car  bun  cle 

^tur  quois' 

onyx 

ber  yl             car  nel'ian 

^sap'phire 

ProHunciatiou.— 1  yot.    "^  bwQy  or  bwS^.    ^  tur  koiz'  (or  keez).    *  sSf  Ir  (or  ur). 


1 1 8  Word  Lessons. 


IlESgeN  176. 

Herbs-  Flowering  Shrubs. 

balm  cat 'nip         '  lau'rel  deut'zi  a 

tan'sy  gin  seng  ja§  mine  sy  rin'ga 

hys  sop  car  a  way  spi  rae'a  a  bu  ti  Ion 

mul  lein  lav  en  der  a  za  le  a  eg'lan  tine 

an  ise  mar  jo  ram  priv'et  hy  dran'ge  a 

lo  be'li  a  ber  ga  mot  wei  ge'la  cal  y  can 'thus 

The  Plant  World. 

Direction. — C(^  the  follomng,  and  study  the  italicized  words. 

The  earth  is  a  machine  which  yields  almost  gratuitous  service  to 
every  application  of  intellect.  Every  plant  is  a  manufacturer  of  soil. 
In  the  stomach  of  the  plant  development  begins.  The  tree  can  draw  on 
the  whole  air,  the  wJiole  earth,  on  all  the  roiling  main.  The  plant  is 
all  suction  pipe,— imbibing  from  the  ground  by  its  roots,  from  the  air 
by  its  leaves,  with  all  its  might.— Emerson. 

To  cultivate  a  garden  is  to  walk  with  God,  to  go  hand  in  hand  with 
Nature  in  some  of  her  most  beautiful  processes,  to  learn  something  of 
her  choicest  secrets,  and  to  have  a  more  intelligent  interest  awakened  in 
the  beautiful  order  of  her  works  elsewhere. — Bovee. 

Stately  Spring  1  whose  robe-folds  are  valleys,  whose  breast-bouquet  is 
gardens,  and  whose  blush  is  a  vernal  evening. — Richter. 

The  vegetable  cohorts  march  glowing  out  of  the  year  in  flaming 
dresses,  as  if  to  leave  this  earth  were  a  triumph. — Beecher. 


A   Complete  Speller,  119 


Leps©]vi  m- 

Flowers. 

m'y 

pan'sy          dahl'ia 

vi'o  let 

li  lac 

pe  tu'ni  a     zin  ni  a 

a  nem'o  ne 

tu  lip 

bal'sam        bou  var'di  a 

ge  ra'ni  um 

pUox 

cro  cus         mar'i  gold 

hol'ly  hock 

pe'o  ny 

ver  be'na     be  go  ni  a 

hy  a  cintli 

'f  ucli  si  a 

dai'sy           he'li  0  trope 

^mificn  on  ette' 

Flowers— Parts. 

CO  rol'la  ca'lyx  sta'men  pis'til 

pet'al  se  pal  pol  len  stig  ma 

Direction. — Co'py  tlie  following,  and  study  the  italicized  words. 

Flowers  should  deck  the  brow  of  the  youthful  bride,  for  they  are  in 
themselves  a  lovely  type  of  marriage.  They  should  twine  round  the 
tomb,  for  their  perpetually  renewed  beauty  is  a  symbol  of  the  resurrec- 
tion. They  should  festoon  the  altar,  for  their  fragrance  and  their 
heautj  ascend  in  perpetual  worship  before  the  Most  High. — Mrs.  Child. 

**  If  flowers  have  souls,^^  said  Undine,  *'  the  bees,  whose  nurses  they 
are,  must  seem  to  them  darling  children  at  the  breast.  I  once  fancied 
a  paradise  for  the  spirits  of  departed  flowers.  They  go,"  answered  I, 
*'  not  into  paradise,  but  into  a  middle  state  ;  the  souls  of  lilies  enter 
into  maidens^  foreheads,  those  of  hyacinths  and  forget-me-nots  dwell 
in  their  eyes,  and  those  of  roses  in  their  lips." — Richter. 

Pronunciation.— 1  ffl'shl  a.    '  mln  yon  St'. 


I20 

Word  Lessons. 

LEggejM  180. 

Arithmetic. 

cir  cum'fer  ence 

meas'Ure 

scru'ple 

ster'ling 

de  nom  i  nate 

stand  ard 

di  am'e  ter 

are  a 

a  poth  e  ca  ries' 

lin  e  ar 

rect'an  gle 

a  ere 

weight 

fath  om 

cir  cu  lar 

cir  cle 

av  oir  du  pois' 

square 

vol  ume 

an  gle 

dii  0  dec'i  mal 

liq'uid 

pereli 

sol  id 

IiEsjses  1^1. 

Arithmetic. 

cou  pon 
cap  i  tal 
par  tial 
an  nu  al 
pay  ee' 
dis'count 


phrase 

clause 

sub'ject 

noun 

verb 

ad  Verb 


certificate  prin'ciples  (o/)  bro'kerage 

con  sign  ee'  per  cent 'age  guar  an  ty 

di  men'sion  prin'ci  pal(a«rf)  con  sign 'or 

com  mis  si  on  in  ter  est  j^re'mi  urn 

ne  go  ti  a  ble  in  dorse 'ment  for  mu  la 

in  stall  ment  prom 'is  so  ry  pro  ceeds 

IiEjsjseN  is^. 

Grammar. 

di'agram  col  lect'ive  prep  o  si'tion 

j)ro  noun  ad'jec  tive  interjecticm 

com  mon  per  son  al  in  ter  rog  a  tive 

prop  er  rel  a  tive  ex  plan 'a  to  ry 

mod  i  ii  er  pred  i  cate  prop  o  si'tion 

sentence  conjunc'tion  com 'pie  ment 


A   Complete  Speller, 


121 


llEJSJSejVI  )g3. 

The  Church. 

bist'op 

chor'is  ter        chan'cel 

lit 'a  ny 

priest 

dis  ci'ple          bap  tism 

tes  ta  ment 

cler 'gy 

col'port  eur     s^c  ra  ment 

ser  vice 

pas  tor 

pres  by  ter      res  ur  rec'tion 

sane  ti  ty 

dea  con 

tab  er  na  cle    cer'e  mo  ny 

pen  i  tence 

lai  ty 

syn  a  gogue     right  eous  ness 

sac  ri  lege 

Relating  to  Law. 

no'tary  af  ii  daVit  de  fend'ant  con  vey'an  cer 

reg  is  ter  re  prieve'  '^mort'gage  mag'is  trate 

sher  iff  ^eq'ui  ty  con  sta  ble  'pet  it  Ju  ry 

ver  diet  jus  tice  ^sub  pce'na  pros  e  cu'tion 

po  lice'  ev  i  dence  sum'mons  ex  e  cu  tion 

plaint 'iff  de  fense'  ac  qnit'tal  tes'ti  mo  ny 


IlEggeN  )s^. 

Crimes  and  Offenders. 

ar'son 

big'a  my 

thief 

^ruffian 

as  sault' 

su  i  cide 

li'ar 

vil  lain 

mur'der 

may  hem 

trai  tor 

ras  cal 

horn  i  cide 

trea  son 

per  jur  er 

im  pos'tor 

burg  la  ry 

f  el  0  ny 

crim  i  nal 

scoun'drel 

lar  ce  ny 

brib  er  y 

vag  a  bond 

pris  on  er 

Pronunciation. 

.— 1  ek'wl  ty.    2  mor'gej.    ^  sub,  not  sup.    ■» 

pet'y.    5  ruf  yan. 

122 


Word  Lessons, 


IlEJSjSejM  )S6. 


Homonyms. 


^  rood,  fourth,  of  an  acre. 
rude,  rough. 

sear,  to  burn. 
2  sear  or  sere,  dry,  faded, 
seer,  a  prophet. 

o  shear,  to  clip, 
sheer,  pure  ;  to  turn  aside. 

.  serf,  a  Russian  slave, 
surf,  breaking  waves. 

K  serge,  a  kind  of  cloth. 
surge,  to  rise,  as  waves  ;  a 
wave. 


suite  (or  suit),  attendants  ; 
6        a  set  of  rooms, 
sweet,  like  sugar ;   pleas- 
ing. 

w  team, — of  horses,  etc. 
teem,  to  be  full  of. 

£,  tear,  water  from  the  eye. 
tier,  a  row. 

^  throe,  agony. 
throw,  to  cast. 

-jQ  thrown,  cast. 

throne,  a  royal  seat. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 


Light  as  the  foaming  (4). — Cmcper.  (5)  above  (5)  buret 
with  tremendous  roar. — Thompwn.  (6)  is  the  breatli  of  morn. 
— j\Faton.     (9)  physic  to  the  dogs. — Shakaqjcare.     (1)  am  I  in 

my  speech. — Shakespeare.     The  (2),  the  yellow  leaf. — Sfioke-tpeatr. 

He  who  is  unmoved  by  a  (8)  has  no  licart. — NaiioUwi.  His 
mind  (7)ing  with  schemes  of  deceit. — Scou.  Wrong  forever 
on  the  (10). — Lomii.  Laban  went  to  (3)  his  sheep. — BMe. 
Go  preach  to  the  coward,  thou  deatli  telling  (2). — Campbell. 
Every  (1)  of  ground  maintained  its  man. — GoUinmUh.  "  (3) 
nonsense."  Russia  freed  her  (4)s.  (5)  is  commonly  of 
wool.  The  (6)  of  an  ambassador.  The  plowman  shouts  at 
his  (7).  (8)s  of  seats  rose,  one  above  another.  Care  is  not 
easily  (10)  off.  A  horse  or  a  ship  may  (3)  from  its  course. 
My  (9)s  came  quicker,  and  my  cries  increased. — Dryden. 


A    Complete  Speller. 


123 


Homonyms. 


tale,    a    story ;    a    number 
1  counted  off, 

tail,  the  end. 

o  tract,  a  legion  ;  small  book. 
tracked,  did  track. 

o  troop,  a  collection  of  people, 
troupe, — of  players. 

vain,    fruitless ;     fond     of 
.  praise. 

vane,  a  weather-cock. 
vein,  a  blood-vessel. 

K  vial,  a  small  bottle,  a  phial, 
viol,  a  musical  instrument. 


al'tar,  a  place  of  sacrifice. 
"  al  ter,  to  change. 

K,  au'ger,  a  tool  for  boring. 
au  gur,  to  predict  by  signs. 

Q^  as  cent',  a  rising, 
assent,  agreement. 

(.  bor'ough,  a  corporate  town, 
burrow,   a    hole    in    the 
ground  made  by  ani- 
mals. 

1^  can'non,  a  large  gun. 
canon,     a    rule    of    the 
church. 


Direction. — Pat  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 


We  spend  our  years  as  a  (1)  [number]  that  is  told  [counted 
off]. — Bible.  All  the  wealth  I  had  ran  in  my  (4)s. — Sfiakesq^^xire. 
His  (3)s  moved  to  victory. — Macauiay.  As  tedious  as  a  twice- 
told  (1). — Shakespeare.  Holds  the  eel  of  sciencc  by  the  (1). — • 
Ihpe.  (4)  is  the  help  of  man. — BiUe.  I  found  an  (6)  with 
this  inscription  :  To  the  unknown  God. — Bible.  Seeking  the 
bubble  reputation  even  in  the  (lO)'s  mouth. — Shakespeare.  Hid 
in  an  (7)-hole. — Shakespeare.  The  (9)  is  the  simplest  form  of 
a  house.  From  your  sacred  (5)s  pour  your  graces. — S7iak£- 
speare.  Softer  strings  of  lute  or  (5). — Milton.  The  law  which 
(6)eth  not. — Bible.  It  received  the  (8)  of  the  prmce. — B-escott. 
The  Holy  Scriptures  are  the  sacred  (10) .  A  narrow  (2)  of 
earth. — Addison.  The  (8)  of  vapors  from  the  earth. — ^'ebster. 
In  Conn,  and  Pa.,  an  incorporated  village  is  called  a  (9). 
(2)  by  a  bloodhound.  "It  (7)s  ill."  The  (4)  shows  the 
direction  of  the  wind.     A  theatrical  (3). 


124 


Word  Lessons. 


liEggeN  jss. 

Homonyms. 


1  can  vas,  coarse  linen  cloth. 
can  vass,  to  examine. 

cap'i  tal,  chief  ;  chief  town  ; 

2  stock  in  trade. 
capitol,  a  house  for  legis- 
lative bodies. 

o  cession,  the  act  of  ceding. 
session,  the  sitting  of  any 
assembly. 

.  ceiling, — of  a  room, 
seal  ing, — ^with  a  seal. 

f.  ce  re  al,  relating  to  grain, 
se  ri  al,  relating  to  a  series. 

n.  cru  el,  inhuman. 
crewel,  worsted. 


cellar,     a    room    under- 
7  ground, 

sell  er,  one  who  sells. 

Q  collar, — ^for  the  neck, 
choler,  anger. 

Q  kernel, — of  a  nut;  of  corn, 
colonel,  an  officer. 

com' pie  ment,  that  which 
10        completes. 

com  pli  ment,  praise. 

^  1  coun'cil,  assembly  of  men. 
coun  sel,  advice. 

indict',  to  accuse  in  due 
12        form. 

in  dite,  to  compose. 


Direction. — But  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

And  now  the  thickened  sky  like  a  dark  (4)  stood. — MUton. 
Jealousy  is  (6)  as  the  grave.— ^&fe.  (4)  the  stone  and  set- 
ting a  watch. — BiUe.     Thy  (11),  lad,  smells  of  no  cowardice. 

— Shakefq)eare.   What!   drunk  with  (8)? — Shakespeare.    Who  (12)d 

this  letter  ? — Shakespeare.  Draw  your  neck  out  of  the  (8). — 
Shakespeare.  So  many  hollow  (10)s. — Milton.  A  Solemn  (11) 
forthwith  to  be  held. — MUtm.  A  busy  splendid  (2). — Macaiaay. 
To  suit  his  (I)  to  the  roughness  of  the  sea. — GoUismUh.  (5) 
food.  Worked  with  (6).  A  (7)  for  storing  wines  or  roots. 
The  (9)  commands  a  regiment.  The  grand  jury  may  (12). 
A  (5)  story.  The  (9)  of  the  whole  matter.  A  (3)  of  Con- 
gress. A  visit  to  the  (2)  at  Washington.  We  will  (1)  the 
matter  thoroughly.  Some  verbs  require  a  (10).  Buyers  and 
(7)s.     A  (3)  of  the  island  of  New  Orleans. — Bano-qft. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


125 


IiEggejvi  }S9. 


Homonyms. 


^  lessen,  to  make  less. 
les  son,  what  is  learned. 

*lev'ee,  a  bank  to   prevent 
2  overflow  ;  an  assembly 

of  visitors. 
lev  y,  to  raise  or  collect. 

o  sail' or,  a  man  who  sails. 
sail  er,  a  thing  that  sails. 

.  suc'cor,  help. 
suck  er,  that  which  sucks  ; 
a  fish. 

P  weath  er,  state  of  the  air. 
'^  weth  er,  a  sheep. 


8 


marshal,  an  officer  ;  to  ar- 
range. 
mar  tial,  relating  to  war. 

metal,  iron,  gold,  etc. 
mettle,  spirit,  courage. 

miner,  a  worker  in  mines, 
mi  nor,  one  under  age. 


^  mus'cle, — of  the  body, 
mussel  or  muscle,  a  shell- 
fish. 

mus'tard,  a  plant  and  its 
10        seed. 

mus  tered,  gathered.  * 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

The  brisk  (8)  pants  for  twenty-one. — Pope.  He  is  able  to 
(4)  them  that  are  temj^ted. — BiUe.  Lives  like  a  drunken  (3) 
on  a  mast. — Shakespeare.  Pain  is  (l)ed  by  another's  anguish. 
— Shakespeare.  It  is  foul  (5)  in  US  all,  good  sir,  when  you  are 
cloudy. — simkespeare.     The  rascal  hath  good  (7)  in  him. — 

Shakespeare.      The   effect  of  this  gOOd  (1)  keep. — Shakespeare.      I 

am  a  tainted  (5)  of  the  flock. — Shakespeare.  Order  the  trial, 
(6),  and  begin. — Shakespeare.  Ncw  Orleans  is  protected  from 
inundation  by  a  (2).  The  shoot  on  the  stem  is  a  (4).  The 
vessel  is  a  fast  (3).  Some  (9)s  obey  the  will.  (10)  has  a 
pungent  taste.  Armies  have  sappers  and  (8)s.^-We6s?er.  To 
(2)  taxes.  The  (9)  is  a  bivalve.  Troops  were  (10).  So- 
norous (7)  blowing  (6)  sounds. — Milton. 


*  In  the  second  sense,  usually  pronounced  levee',  in  the  United  States. 


126 


Word  Lessons, 


Lesson  190. 


Words  very  nearly  alike  in  sound. 


brid'al,  marriage. 
bri  die, — for  a  horse. 

car'at,  a  weight. 

car  rot,  a  garden  root. 

gam'ble,  to  play  for  money, 
gam  bol,  to  frolic. 

cym'bal,  a  musical  instru- 
ment. 
symbol,  sign. 

i'dle,  doing  nothing. 
i  dol,  an  image  for  worship. 
idyl  (or  id),  a  descriptive 
poem. 

li'ar,  one  who  tells  lies. 
lyre,  a  musical  instrument. 


r^  prin'cipal,  chief, 
prill  ci  pie,  rule  of  action. 


8 


bar'ren,  unfruitful. 
bar  on,  a  noble. 


g  currant,  fruit. 
current,  stream. 

ex'er  else,  to  set  in  action  ; 

10  action. 

ex  or  else,  to  drive  out  evil 
spirits. 

pen'dant  (noun),  a  hanging 

11  ornament. 
pendent  (adj.),  hanging. 

-.^  pis'tol,  fire-arm. 
pis  til, — of  a  flower. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

Words  are  the  (4)s  of  things. — Smun.  Wisdom  is  the  (7) 
thing. — Bible.  The  (1)  of  the  earth  and  sky. — Herhcrt.  In  (5) 
wishes  fools  supinely  stay. — Crahbe.  God  and  good  men  hate 
so  foul  a  (Q),—Shah:q)€are.  (3)  ou  thc  "grccu."  A  Continual 
(1)  on  the  tongue. — Watts.  The  wise  for  cure  on  (10)  de- 
pend.— Drydm.  Sounding  brass  and  tinkling  (4). — BMe, 
Tennyson's  *'  (5)s  of  the  King."  Pure  gold  is  twenty-four 
(2)s  fine.  The  (9)  grows  on  a  shrub.  The  (6)  was  the 
instrument  of  Apollo.  Words  (8)  of  ideas.  A  (9)  of  elec- 
tricity. The  (12)  is  the  seed-bearing  organ.  My  (5)  was 
shattered.  To  (10)  a  demon.  Men  (3)  away  home  and 
happiness.  A  (11)  rock.  (2)s  are  reddish-yellow.  (8) 
Humboldt.  A  jeweled  (11)  at  the  car.  (12)sfrom  Pistoja, 
Italy.    Sound  (7)s. 


A    Complete  Speller,  127 

Review. 

1.  (Throw,   tliroe)  physic  to  the  dogs ;    (isle.  Til,  aisle) 

(none,  nun)  of  it. — Sltakespeare. 

2.  (Idyl,  idol,  idle)   (tiers,  tears),  I  know  not  wliat  they 

(mien,  mean). — Tennyson. 

3.  (Sweet,  suite)  is  pleasure  after  (pain,  pane). — Dnjden. 

4.  Who  o'er  the  (heard,  herd)  (wood,  would)  wish  to  (rain, 

reign)  ? — Scott. 

5.  Loud  (surges,  serges)  lash  the  sounding  shore. — B:)pe. 

6.  The  golden  (altar,  alter)  which  was  before  the  (thrown, 

throne). — Bible, 

7.  The  (assent,  ascent)  of  the  Matterhom  tests  both  (mus- 

sel, muscle)  and  (metal,  mettle). 

8.  (Vein,  vain)  as  the  (lief,  leaf)  upon  the  stream. — fkou. 

9.  He  who  (would,  wood)  rule  others  must  (bridal,  bridle) 

self. 

10.  A  (barren,  baron)   (tracked,  tract)  of  land  is  called  a 

desert. 

11.  The    (marshal,    martial)    proceeded    to    (levy,   levee) 

(troupes,  troops). 

12.  Ships  are  but  boards,  (sailors,  sailers)  but  m.en.—Shak. 

13.  The  Senate  holds  its  (cessions,  sessions)  in  the  north 

wing  of  the  (Capitol,  capital). 

14.  The  crack  of  the  (pistil,  pistol)  was  the  signal  for  the 

booming  of  the  (canon,  cannon). 

15.  From  a  circle  around  the  moon  farmers  (augur,  auger) 

(fowl,  foul)  (wether,  weather). 

16.  The  (carrot,  carat)  is  used  in  weighing  precious  metals. 

17.  Would  that  our  (principal,  principle)  men  were  all  men 

of  (principal,  principle)  ! 

18.  Millions  for  defense  (butt,  but)  (not,  knot)  (won,  one) 

(scent,  cent,  sent)  for  tribute. — Bnckmy. 


128 


Word  Lessons, 


Diseases. 

choler  a  jaun'dice  in  saii'i  ty  rheu'ma  tism 

mea  sles   verti  go  di  ar  rhe'a  in  flam  ma'tion 

scur  vy     scr5f  u  la  lu'na  cy  dys  pep'si  a 

'nau  se  a    de  lir'i  um  chil  blain  er  y  sip'e  las 

drop  sy     hys  ter  ics  neu  ral'gi  a  dys'en  ter  y 

IlE^SeN   )95. 
Diseases. 


a'gue  asth'ma 

pal  sy  croup 

pa  ral'y  sis  ca  tarrh' 

ep'i  lep  sy  pleu'ri  sy 

ap  o  plex  y  ^phthis  ic 

mara§'miis  ^phthisis 


bron-ehi'tis 
diph  tlie  ri  a 
pneu  mo  ni  a 
in  flu  en'za 
tu'mor 
ul  cer 


ty'plius 
ab  scess 
can  cer 
gan  grene 
scar  la  t'i'na 
va'ri  o  loid 


liEJSgejSI  J94. 
Medicines. 

phys'ic        ca  thar'tic     lau'da  num  al'co  hoi 

rhu  barb     mor'plilne     par  e  gor'ic  glyc  er  ine 

ip  e  cac      >gen  tian        sar  sa  pa  ril'la  va  le'ri  an 

qui  nine'     lie  o  rice        clilo'ro  form  ^mag  ne  si  a 

ar'se  nic     *quas  si  a        strych  nine  am  nio  ni  a 

cam  plior    snl  phur        o  po  del'doc  sas'sa  fras 


PronuncUtioai.-i  naw'she  &.    "tla'ik.    •thl'sis.    «kwd8h1&.    •nC'shla. 


A   Comi)lete  Si)eller, 


129 


LEJSJSe]\[  )9i. 

Troublesome  Terminations— a r,  er, 

or  (=  uv). 

act 'or 

bear'er 

chan'cel  lor 

debt 'or  • 

dip  per 

beggar 

sec  u  lar 

doc  tor 

an  ces  tor 

be  liev'er 

clam  or 

dol  lar 

ar  bor 

lodger 

cor  0  ner 

do  nor 

ar  dor 

burg  lar 

ju  ror 

ed  it  or 

ail  di  tor 

cal  en  dar 

con  duct 'or 

fla  vor 

au  thor 

cap  tor 

cred'it  or 

bach  e  lor 

XJ»e, — Descending  from  noble  ancestors  ;  pursuing  with  ardor  ;  an 
attentive  auditor  ;  the  calendar  of  the  year  ;  the  captor  showing  mercy 
to  the  captive  ;  the  chancellor  of  a  university  ;  both  sacred  and  secu- 
lar music  ;  the  loud  clamor  of  battle  ;  a  generous  donor  ;  a  delicious 
flavor. 

IlESSeN  )96. 


ar,  er^  or  (—  iir). 


glob'u  lar 
gov  ern  or 
gram  mar 
gro  cer 
har  bor 
in  struct 'or 
in  vent  or 


joc'u  lar 
jun  ior 
4an  guor 
ledg  er 
lu  nar 
me  te  or 


mor  tar 
mourn  er 
mus  cu  lar 
nee  tar 
oc  u  lar 
o  dor 


op  press  or 
or 'a  tor 
rig  or 
preach  er 
con  quer  or 
pos  sess'or 


sue  ces 'so  r     pro  f  ess 'or     pre  cep  tor 


tTse.— Globular  shape  of  the  earth  ;  a  droll,  jocular  mood  ;  lan- 
guor induced  by  exhaustion ;  a  lunar  eclipse  ;  meteors  flaming  through 
the  sky  ;  successor  of  the  deceased  king ;  to  drink  the  nectar  of  the 
gods  ;  ocular  proof  ;  stern  winter's  rigor  ;  preceptor  in  Latin. 


Pronunciation.— i  lang'gwar. 


9 


I30 


Word  Lessons, 


IlEgJSe]?  J97. 


Pronunciation. 


ac  cli'mate 
ad  dr^ss' 

{noun  and  verb) 

al'ge  bra  {not  bra) 
al  16p'a  thy 
al  lo  p3;th'ic 
ho  me  5p'a  thy 
ho  me  5p'a  thist 
ho  me  o  pS-th'ic 
hy  drop'a  thy 
3,1  ter  ca'tion 
al  ter'nate 

(noun  and  adj.) 


2,rternate  or 
3,1  ter'nate 

(verb) 

amateur 

/am  a  t^r'  or\ 
Vam  a  ttlr'     / 


(See  Key,  pp.  36  and  71.) 

de  ca'dence 


am  a  ttlr 

apotheosis   cognac 

(kon'yak) 


ca  nine 

€3,tch  (/io<  ketch) 

Qere'ments 

ehir^g'raphy    disfranchise 


de  fai'cate 
dmcit 


aroma 
ath  e  ne'um 
badinage 

(bJtd  e  nSzh') 

bl^s'phe  my 
bo  re  a'lis 
bron  ehi'tis 


c6m'pa  ra  ble 
c5m'rade 
CO  qu^t'ry 
cpu'ri  er 
covetous 

(kjiv'et  us) 


dis'pu  tant 
d5c'ile 
duc'at 
e  ner'vate 
ex'qui  §ite 
ex  tem'po  re 
ex  t51' 
flae'gid 


Troublesome  Terminations — ar,  er,  or  (=  ur). 


ru'mor 

splen'dor 

tor'por 

vie'tor 

sen  a  tor 

stag  ger 

trai  tor 

vigor 

sen  ior 

strag  gler 

tre  mor 

vis  it  or 

sim  i  lar 

suit  or 

tu  bu  lar 

vul  gar 

liq  uor 

tenor 

tutor 

wearer 

solar 

survey 'or 

valor 

tab  u  lar 

spec  ta'tor 

com  pet  i  tor 

vapor 

con  quer  or 

Use, — Wars  and  rumors  of  wars  ;  solar  rays  ;  a  persistent  suitor  ; 
the  even  tenor  of  our  way  ;  competitors  in  love  ;  the  torpor  of  death  ; 
a  tremor  of  fear  ;  a  tubular  bridge  ;  the  valor  of  Hercules  ;  the  vigor 
of  youth  ;  tabular  statistics. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


^31 


liEggeN  j99. 


Troublesome  Terminations — cal,  cle. 


cu'bic  al 
chem  ic  al 
clas  sic  al 
cler  ic  al 
com  ic  al 


cu'ti  cle 
cyn  ic  al 
fin  i  cal 
mir  a  cle 
mus  cle 


mag'ic  al  hys  ter'ic  al 

i  ci  cle  fa  nat  ic  al 

log  ic  al  i  den  tic  al 

man  a  cle  gram  mat  ic  al 

med  ic  al  math  e  mafic  al 


crit  ic  al        mu  sic  al     met  ric  al    met  a  plior  ic  al 

Use. — Classical  literature  ;  clerical  garb  ;  clerical  errors  ;  exam- 
ined with  critical  care  ;  the  cuticle  covering  the  body  ;  cynical  as 
Diogenes  ;  finical  taste  ;  logical  course  of  reasoning  ;  manacles  on  the 
wrists  ;  metrical  cadence  of  poetry  ;  outburst  of  hysterical  laughter  ; 
fanatical  reformers  ;  identical  person  ;  a  metaphorical  use  of  words. 


IlEggeN  ^06. 


cal,  cle, 

ob'sta  cle  pin'na  cle  spher'ic  al 

op  tic  al  prac  ti  cal  sur  gic  al 

or  a  cle  rad  i  cal  tecli  nic  al 

par  ti  cle  skep  tic  al  top  ic  al 

po  et'ic  al  spec  ta  cle  trag  ic  al 

phys'ic  al  ve  lii  cle  typ  ic  al 


whim 'si  cal 
sym  met 'ric  al 
re  cep  ta  cle 
an  a  lyt'ic  al 
statis'tic  al 
met  a  phys'ic  al 


Use.— An  optical  illusion;  predictions  of  an  oracle;  physical  force; 
a  pinnacle  of  the  temple  ;  for  all  practical  purposes  ;  a  radical 
change  ;  a  skeptical  mind  ;  a  hideous  spectacle ;  language,  the  vehi- 
cle  of  thought  ;  technical  terms  of  science  ;  the  cornucopia,  typical 
of  abundance  ;  whimsical  humor  ;  symmetrical  in  outline  ;  analyt- 
ical reasoning  ;  statistical  tables  ;  metaphysical  speculations. 


1^2 


Word  Lessons, 


IiEggeji  ^6). 


Pronunciation.— (See  Key,  pp.  36  and  71.) 


fi  nance' 
fi  nan'ce§ 
fin  an  cier' 
forge 
f  or'ger  y 
fort'night 
fr3;ii'chi§e 
ful'some 
gape 
gdn'do  la 
googe'ber  ry 


gov'ern  mcnt 
gr^n'a  ry 
gra'tis 
grease  {noun) 
grea§e  ^verb) 
greag'y 
gri  mace' 
guii'no 
gum-ar'a  bic 
hal'i  but 


kandkercliief 

(hungk'er  chlf) 

hearth 
hdr'o  ine 
hSr'o  ism 
his'to  ry 

(three  syl.) 

h^l'o  caust 
hound 

(sound  d) 

ho  ri'zon 
hy'gi  ene 


hy  gi  ^n'ic 
hy  men  e'al 
im'pi  ous 
in  cdm'pa  ra  ble 
in  dis'pu  ta  ble 
in'dustry 
in  Sx'o  ra  blp 
in  qulr'y 
in'te  gral 
in  ter  15c'u  tor 


IiEggajvi  ^0^. 


Troublesome  Terminations — cy^  sy. 


ac  cu  ra  cy 
in  tri  ca  cy 
brill  iau  cy 
discrep'aucy 
clem 'en  cy 
con  spir'a  cy 
con'tro  ver  sy 


'court 'e  sy 
de  cen  cy 
del  i  ca  cy 
ec  sta  ay 
em  has  sy 
spi  cy 
tipsy 


fal'la  cy 
flee  cy 
her  e  sy 
jui  cy 
leg  a  cy 
pol  i  cy 
se  ere  cy 


pn  va  cy 
tend  en  cy 
va  can  cy 
e  mer'gen  cy 
^hy  poc  ri  sy 
de  moc  ra  cy 
ce  lib  a  cy 


Use, — Mathematical  accuracy  ;  a  discrepancy  between  two  state- 
ments ;  treating  the  prisoner  with  clemency  ;  in  an  ecstasy  of  delight  ; 
an  embassy  from  France  ;  fallacy  in  reasoning ;  religious  heresy  ; 
England's  foreign  policy  ;  a  downward  tendency  ;  reiidy  for  any 
emergency  ;  Pharisaic  hypocrisy  ;  the  celibacy  of  the  clergy. 


Pronunciation.— 1  kurt'e  Hy.    '  hf  {not  by). 


A    Complete  Speller, 


l?> 


Troublesome  Terminations— i^sc,  ize» 

ag'o  nize  cat'e  cliise  e  con'o  mize  ag'gran  dize 

bap  tize'  crit  i  cise  en'ter  prise  com  pro  mise 

cap  size  le  gal  ize  col  o  nize  char  ac  ter  ize 

chas  tise  mas:  net  ize  fer  ti  lize  fa  mil'iar  ize 

civ'il  ize  e  qual  ize  gal  va  nize  a  pol  o  gize 

i  dol  ize  au  thor  ize  har  mo  nize  ad  ver  tise' 

TJse. — To  civilize  the  savages  ;  to  catechise  children  on  matters  of 
theology  ;  war,  or  legalized  murder  ;  to  magnetize  a  needle  ;  to 
equalize  accounts  ;  authorized  by  usage  ;  to  economize  time  ;  a 
business  enterprise  ;  to  colonize  new  territories  ;  colors  or  tones  that 
heirmonize  ;  schemes  for  aggrandizing  self  ;  no  compromise  with  evil ; 
the  firmness  which  characterized  Cromwell  ;  to  familiarize  one's  self 
with  the  Bible. 

liEggOM  ^04. 


tssy  !%€,  y^e. 


mor  al  ize 
neu  tral  ize 


rec  og  nize 


mer'clian  dise 
sym  pa  tbize 


mem'o  rize   pat'ron  ize   scru'ti  nize 

sol  em  nize 

stig  ma  tize  scan  dal  ize 

su  per  vise'  mo  nop'o  lize 

sym '  bol  ize  sy s  'tem  a  tize 

tan  ta  lize  tyr  an  nize 


sat  ir  ize 
or  gan  ize  the  o  rize 
pul  ver  ize  an  a  lyze 
re  al  ize         par  a  lyze 


Use.— To  moralize  on  all  subjects  ;  to  neutralize  opposition  ;  to 
offensively  patronize  an  inferior  ;  to  satirize  folly  ;  to  theorize  on 
the  future  life  ;  to  paralyze  one's  energies  ;  to  scrutinize  a  man's 
motives  ;  to  solemnize  marriage  ;  to  stigmatize  one's  character  ;  a 
circle  to  symbolize  eternity  ;  to  tantalize  with  false  hopes  ;  to  scanda- 
lize virtuous  men  ;  to  monopolize  the  India  trade  ;  to  systematize 
one's  work  ;  to  tyrannize  over  the  weak. 


134  Word  Lessons. 


Pronunciation.— (See  Key,  pp.  36  and  71.) 

iron  laun'dry  ma'tron  mis  c5n'strue 

ir  re  me'di  a  ble  ^^\  ^"^^^  '^^^^\  ^]^  ^^^  ^^^I'e  cule 

ir  rSp'a  ra  ble  ^^  ^^  ®^^  ^^  ^^  ^  ^^'®  mdn  o  ma 'ni  ac 

irrevocable  li'lac  memoir  m6r'phine 

IS  0  late  (or  i§)  li  thdg  ra  pher  ^^<^^^  ^j^^  mu  ge'um 

ju'gular  lyce'um  nie§'mer  ize  nape 

ju  ye  mle  j^ain'te  nance  ^j  ^^'ma  nausea 

fv     ,          .  n         ^^  ^^'^^  ^  mi  cro  scop'ic  ("awshe  a) 

lamentable       ^^^  ^•.<  v  ,.     ,.         x^^.'^^\ 

mam  ma  mm  i  a  ture     ^*^  5^^ 

languor                        ...  .  ,  i  v                vm-        i 

(lang'gwur)               papa  mischievous  national 

Troublesome  Terminations— a&?e,  ihle* 

not'a  ble  de  plor'a  ble  ])er  ceiv'a  ble 

pal  pa  ble  re  vers  i  ble  per  cep  ti  ble 

pit  i  a  ble  os  ten  si  ble  per  mis  si  ble 

pos  si  ble  re  ceiv  a  ble  re  spect  a  ble 

rul  a  ble  plau'si  ble  re  spon  si  ble 

sal  a  ble  suit  a  ble  sus  cep  ti  ble 

ten  a  ble  tam  a  ble  war'rant  a  ble 

vis  i  ble  tau  gi  ble  ap  pli  ca  ble 

XJae* — A  notable  event  ;  palpable  errors  ;  a  position  not  tenable  ; 
reduced  to  a  deplorable  condition  ;  a  reversible  sentence  ;  ostensible 
motives  ;  a  plausible  story  ;  tangible  objects  ;  no  perceptible  differ- 
ence ;  permissible  indulgence  ;  the  susceptible  young  mind  ;  a  severity 
not  warrantable  ;  a  remark  applicable  to  tlie  case. 


A   Complete  Speller.  135 


Troublesome  Terminations — able,  ible. 

accept'a  ble  au'di  ble  des'pi  ca  ble 

ac  ces  si  ble  blam  a  ble  con  tempt 'i  ble 

ad  vis  a  ble  du  ra  ble  at  trib  u  ta  ble 

a  me  na  ble  di  gest'i  ble  cor  rupt  i  ble 

as  sail  a  ble  dis  cern  i  ble  in  flam  ma  ble 

a  vail  a  ble  con  ceiv  a  ble  com  bus  ti  ble 

di  vis  i  ble  credit  a  ble  ad  mis  si  ble 

cul'pa  ble  cred  i  ble  at  tain  a  ble 

TJse, — Accessible  mountains  ;  amenable  to  the  divine  law  ;  in  an 
assailable  position  ;  available  funds;  culpable  negligence  ;  audible 
whisper  ;  infinity  not  being  conceivable  ;  creditable  witnesses  ;  cred, 
ible  statements  ;  despicable  meanness  ;  faults,  not  attributable  to  the 
author  ;  admissible  arguments  ;  perfection  not  attainable. 

IiEjs^es  ^Qs. 

dble^  ihle, 

eat'a  ble  in  sep'a  ra  ble  in  com 'pa  ra  ble 

ed  i  ble  in  tel  li  gi  ble  in  cor  ri  gi  ble 

el  i  gi  ble  im  mov  a  ble  in  di  gest'i  ble 

equable  excusable  indispensable 

fal  li  ble  flex'i  ble  in  e^  haust  i  ble 

fea  si  ble  in  del'i  ble  ir  re  sist  i  ble 

laud  a  ble  i  ras  ci  ble  ir  rep  a  ra  ble 

leg  i  ble  ir'ri  ta  ble  in  im  i  ta  ble 

JJse.—'Bdlhle  roots  ;  eligible  to  office  ;  equable  motion  ;  all  men 
being  fallible  ;  a  feasible  plan  ;  legible  writing  ;  an  intelligible  ac- 
count ;  the  flexible  willow  ;  indelible  impressions  ;  irascible  temper  ; 
Shakespeare's  incomparable  genius;  an  incorrigible  drunkard  ;  indis- 
pensable to  success  ;  irreparable  loss  ;   inimitable  wit. 


136  Word  Lessons. 


Pronunciation. — (See  Key,  pp.  so  and  71.) 

re  c6n'nois  sance    pa'tri  ot  p6r'ce  lain         qnan''da  rv 

nom'i  na  tive         pa'tron  p6st'hu  mous     qui  nine'  or 

o'ase§  pat'ronize       pretty  quinine 

oleomar'garine  r)e'o  nv  ^^"'"^^      ,  ^"^^'^ 

(g' hard  before  a)  ^        ^  pretense  rdd'ish 

6n'er  ous  p^r'emp  to  ry  pj.^  ^gnt'ive  rail'ler  j 

onyx  pi  a'no-for'te  pr5b'ity  rapine 

0  rang'-pu  tS,ng'  pla  card'  pronunciation  raspberry 

6r'tho  e  py  ^i,  be'ian         ^''  "^"  f  ff "^  ^'^'^''  '''^ 

o'vert  plebeian        pyr^ni'idal       ri'tional 

.  ,.,  Po'em  pyri'te§  re'al  ly 

partiality  ,      ..    ,  .   ,.  /,,  .. 

Opar 8hi ai'i ty)  po lo nai§e       qu^g gy  neu raigi  a 

Troublesome  Terminations — eous^  ious. 

a'queous  right 'ecus  am  phib'i  ous 

CO  pi  ous  gor  geous  cer  e  mo'ni  ous 

du  bi  ous  nau  seous  del  e  te  ri  ous 

ga§  e  ous  sac  ri  le'gious  in  stan  ta  ne  ous 

hid  e  ous  er  ro'ne  ous  mis  eel  la  ne  ous 

im  pi  ous  punc  til  ious  si  mul  ta  ne  ous 

de  lir'i  ous  out  ra  geous  su  per  cil  i  ous 

court 'e  ous  im  per  vi  ous  spon  ta'ne  ous 

Use, — Aqueous  solutions  ;  copious  draughts  ;  dubious  questions 
and  issues  ;  a  courteous  gentleman  ;  profaned  by  sacrilegious  hands  ; 
punctilious  observance  of  forms  ;  cloth  made  impervious  to  water  ; 
frogs  being  amphibious  ;  deleterious  drags  ;  simultaueous  events  ; 
supercilious  scorn  ;  spontaneous  bursts  of  applause. 


A   Complete  Spellei\  137 

Troublesome  Terminations— an  ^,  ent. 

a  bun'dant  com'bat  ant  cor'pu  lent 

ac  count  ant  com  pe  tent  de  fend 'ant 

ar'ro  gant  rec  re  ant  de  pend  ent 

as  sail' ant  con  sist'ent  *descendant 

assistant  con'so  nant  despondent 

at  tend  ant  con  va  les'cent  dis  cord  ant 

bel  lig  er  ent  conVer  sant  el'e  gant 

clMr  voy  ant  cor  re  spond  'ent        e?:  or'bi  tant 

TJse» — An  accurate  accountant  ;  purse-proud  and  arrogant  ;  bel- 
ligerent armies  ;  a  fortune-telling  clairvoyant  ;  vanquished  com- 
batant ;  competent  judges  ;  a  dastardly  recreant  ;  consistent  line 
of  conduct  ;  a  convalescent  patient  ;  conversant  with  history  ;  de- 
spondent prisoner ;  harsh,  discordant  cries  ;  exorbitant  prices. 

liEggGN  ^1^- 
ant^  ent* 

ex  pe'di  ent  in  depend 'ent  re  cip'i  ent 

im  per  ti  nen  t        In  ?:  u  'ri  ant  re  luc  tant 

im  por  tant  ma  lig  nant  stag'nant 

in  ces  sant  pet'u  lant  pro  fi 'cient 

in  clem  ent  pleas  ant  tri  umpli  ant 

in  solv  ent  poign  ant  va'grant 

in  ter  mit'tent       prev  a  lent  vig  i  lant 

ir  rel'e  vant  su  per  in  tend 'ent  war  rant 

TJse. — An  expedient  course  ;  impertinent  question  ;  incessant  hum 
of  insects  ;  inclement  weather  ;  insolvent  debtor  ;  intermittent  ebb 
and  flow  ;  irrelevant  remarks  ;  luxuriant  tropical  forests  ;  malignant 
fevers  ;  a,  hasty,  petulant  reply  ;  poignant  grief  ;  prevalent  opinion  ; 
recipient  of  many  favors  ;  reluctant  to  obey  ;  proficient  in  music. 

*  descendant  {noun),  descendent  (ndj). 


138 


Word  Lessons. 


Pronunciation. — (See  Key,  pp 


r^f  er  a  ble 
rSp'a  ra  ble 
re  search' 
re  source' 
rSv'o  ca  ble 
ro  m&nce' 
sac'ra  ment 
sacrifice 

(sSc'rl  fiz) 

salmon 

(sam'un) 


sar  sa  pa  ril'la 

sa  ti'e  ty 

sSck'el 

81  mul  ta'ne  ous 

si'ne  cure 

sine  di'e 

sleek 

squa,'16r 

stalwart 

(or'stftl) 

stra'ta 


and 
sub  pce'na 

{not  sup) 

sub  sid'ence 

suffice 

(suf  nz') 

te  ISg'ra  phy 

tSnet 

^ere'fore 

tferi^er 

ticklish 

tiny 

ti  rude' 


71.) 


tortoise 

(t6r't!8) 

toward 

(to'ard) 

trib'une 
tri  chi'nae 
va€'9ine 
ya  ga'ry 
va'ri  o  loid 
ye'he  ment 
zo  Sl'o  gy 

{not  zoo) 


IiEggeja  214. 

Troublesome  Terminations— ciote«,  tious. 

te  na'cious 
vex  a  tious 
osten  ta'tious 


'av  a  ri  'cious       pro  pi  'tious 
ca  pri 'cious        su  per  sti 'tious 
ex  pe  di 'tious     sus  pi 'cious 


fie  ti 'tious 
ju  di  cious 
ma  li  cious 
liu  tri  tious 
per  ni  cious 


VI  cious 
cap  tious 
con  scious 
fa  ce 'tious 
in  fee  tious 


con  ten 'tious 
pre  CO  cious 
sen  ten  tious 
sa  ga  cious 
con  sci  en'tious 


XJse. — Capricious  fancies  ;  expeditious  messenger  ;  pernicious 
practices  ;  the  fates  being  propitious  ;  superstitious  fears  ;  a  captious 
{fault-finding)  disposition  ;  a  facetious  i*cinark  ;  infectious  diseases  ; 
ostentatious  display  of  wealth  ;  an  angry,  contentious  mood  ;  pre- 
cocious child  ;  a  vigorous,  sententious  style. 


*ln  the  first  twelve  words  the  souiid  of  cl  and  ti  (=  eh)  Is  thrown  back  with  the 
preceding  short  vowel. 


A   Complete  Speller.  139 

Troublesome  Words— e  or  i. 

cel'e  brate  im'ple  ment  rar'e  fy  tel'e  scope 

dep  re  cate  liq  ue  fy  rar  i  ty  ten  e  ment 

des  e  crate  mal  le  a  ble  rec  re  ate  ter  ri  f y 

ex  e  crate  pe  tro'le  um  se  ren'i  ty  trag  e  dy 

ex  pi  ate  prom  e  nade'  skel'e  ton  veg  e  tate 

im  ped'i  ment  priv'i  lege  stu  pe  fy  ver  i  fy 

sup 'pie  ment  prod  i  gy  stu  pid'i  ty  gay  e  ty 

TJse, — To  deprecate  such  cruelty  ;  desecrate  an  altar  ;  execrate  a 
traitor  ;  expiate  a  crime  ;  marched  on  without  impediment  ;  imple- 
ments of  war  ;  liquefy  ice  ;  malleable  metals ;  prodigy  of  learning  ; 
rarefy  air  ;  serenity  amid  troubles  ;  stupefy  with  drugs  ;  a  valuable 
supplement  to  the  book  ;  a  shocking  tragedy  ;  verify  the  report. 

IiEggajvi  ^)6. 

Troublesome  Words — a,  e,  or  i. 

a  cad'e  my  dil'a  to  ry  pr5p'a  gate  sec 're  ta  ry 

al'ma  nac  ed  i  fice  rem  e  dy  nu  tri  ment 

ap  a  thy  ep  i  taph  ren  e  gade  sep  a  rate 

av  a  rice  mal  a  dy  ret  i  nue  ser  e  nade' 

cat  a  ract  or  na  ment  rev  e  nue  spec'i  men 

lin  e  al  or  i  fice  sac  ri  lege  ves  tige 

cit  a  del  pal  a  ta  ble  sal  a  ry  lin  e  age 

JJse* — Calm  endurance,  but  not  apathy  ;  a  miser's  avarice  ;  lineal 
descent  ;  surrender  of  the  citadel ;  a  dilatory  messenger  ;  marble  edi- 
fices ;  fatal  maladies  ;  orifice  of  the  wound  ;  propagate  plants  ;  a 
renegade  from  his  faith  ;  the  prince's  numerous  retinue  ;  revenue  tax  ; 
impious  sacrilege  ;  no  vesUge  remaining  ;  of  noble  lineage. 


140 


Word  Lessons, 


Troublesome  Terminations — ance^  ence. 


ab'sti  nence 
e:^  ist'ence 
an  noy  ance 
cog'ni  zance 
in  no  cence 
venge  ance 
com  pli'ance 
con  vey  ance 


ig  no  ranee 
dif  f i  dence 
dil  i  gence 
griev  ance 
fra  grance 
es  sence 
pit  tance 
al  li'ance 


de  fi'ance 
el'e  gance 
in  de  pend'ence 
ac  quaint 'ance 
de  liv  er  ance 
ap  pear  ance 
con  cord  ance 
coun'te  nance 


Use, — Abstinence  from  alcoholic  liquors  ;  within  the  cognizance  of 
the  law  ;  execute  fierce  vengeance  ;  in  compliance  with  a  request  ; 
means  of  conveyance  ;  redress  a  public  grievance  ;  receiving  a  mere 
pittance  ;  alliance  between  France  and  England  ;  a  spirit  of  defiance  ; 
Bible  concordance. 

ance,  enee. 


com'pe  tence 
in  di  gence 
neg  li  gence 
sus  te  nance 
o  be'di  ence 
oc  cur  rence 
prev'a  lence 
re  mit 'tance 


con  niv  ance 
rev'er  ence 
ve  he  mence 
re  sist'ance 
nui'sance 
res  i  dence 
ut  ter  ance 
va  ri  ance 


vig'i  lance 
vi  o  lence 
main  te  nance 
rem  i  nis'cence 
for  bear' ance 
in  tel  li  gence 
tem'per  ance 
re  pent 'ance 


Use. — Reduced  from  competence  to  indigence  ;  sustenance  of  the 
body  ;  the  prevalence  of  vice  ;  remittance  by  draft  ;  connivance  at 
what  is  wrong  ;  reverence  for  God  ;  the  vehemence  of  passion  ;  a 
summer  residence  ;  fit  variance  with  his  ncit^hbor  ;  vigilance  of  a 
watch-dog  ;  maintenance  of  a  principle  ;  reminiscences  of  childhood. 


A    Complete  Speller. 


141 


Troublesome  Words — c,  s,  or  sc» 


ac  qui  esce 
as  cer  tain 
CO  in'ci  dence 
con  de  scend' 
cres'cont 
di  ver'si  ty 
ef  fer  vesce' 
ex  cres'cence 


lat'tice 
ne  ces'si  ty 
os'cil  late 
pan  ci  ty 
poul  tice 
prej  u  dice 
pro  bos'cis 
pro  pen  si  ty 


re  scind' 
ret'i  cence 
seen  er  y 
scin  til  late 
sol  ace 
te  nac'i  ty 
tran  scend 
vac'il  late 


TJse, — To  acquiesce  in  an  opinion  ;  an  exact  coincidence  ;  to  con- 
descend to  folly  ;  the  crescent  moon  ;  to  effervesce  with  merriment  ; 
an  excrescence  on  the  body  ;  oscillate  like  the  pendulum  ;  paucity 
of  ideas  ;  a  propensity  to  evil  ;  to  rescind  a  resolution  ;  unsocial  ret- 
icence ;  scintillating  stars  ;  tenacity  of  purpose ;  transcend  all 
limits  ;  vacillate  between  two  opinions. 

IiESjsejM  ^^0. 

Pronunciation. — (See  Key,  pp.  36  and  71.) 


Ar'ab 
Ar'u  bic 
Ar  €hi  me'deg 
Asia 

(a'shl  a) 

Beaconsfield 

(bok'unz  feld) 


Disraeli 

(diz  ra'el  e) 

BGr'lin 
Bismarck 

inol  biz') 

Cai'ro  (r..^.) 

Cai'ro  {Egypt) 


Car  tha  gin'i  an      0  rl'on 

Dan'ish  Pal'es  tine 

A  V   ,    .  Persia 

y^^^^^  (per'shla) 

To  wa  Yo  s^m'i  te 

Italian  Zeus 

(1  tal'yan— 7W<  I)  (zus) 


Caution.— "Wlien  the  follo'tvlug  Ualiclzed  words  are  used  as  ad- 
jectives, the  termination  ed  forms  a  separate  syllable. 

Ble8i<ed  hope  ;  helov'ed  son  ;  cursed  day  ;  dog'ged  resist- 
ance ;  learn' ed  men  ;  wing'ed  insects. 


142 


Word  Lessons, 


IiEggef[  ^^j. 


Verbal  Distinctions. 

Direction. — Mark  the  difference  in  8i)elling,  pronunciation,  and  use. 


.  ac  cede',  to  agree  to. 
ex  ceed,  to  go  beyond. 

2  ac  cept',  to  take- 
ex  cept,  to  leave  out. 

ad  lier'ence,  attachment. 

3  adherents,   followers,  par- 

tisans. 

.  advige',  counsel. 
ad  vi§e,  to  give  counsel. 

affect',  to  act  upon. 

5  effect,  to  produce ;   conse- 

quence. 

ally',  one  in  league  vrith 

6  another  ;  to  connect. 
al'ley,  a  narrow  way. 


al  lu'sion,    indirect    refer- 
ence. 
11  lu  sion,  an  unreal  image. 

as  say',  to  test  metals, 
es  say,  to  attempt, 
es'say,  an  attempt ;  a  com- 
position. 

assist'ance,  help, 
as  sist  ants,  helpers. 


at  tend'ance,  service. 
10  at  tend  ants,    persons 
attend. 

y.  cel'ery,  a  plant, 
salary,  wages. 


who 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

"We  can  give  (4),  but  we  cannot  give  conduct. — Franidin. 
Fame,  glory,  wealth,  honor,  have  in  the  prospect  pleasing 
(7)s. — Steele.   Find  out  the  cause  of  this  (5). — Shakc'^peare.   I  thus 

(8)   to  sing. — Byrrni.      There  is  my  pledge,  (2)    it. — Shakespeare. 

His  deeds  (1)  all  speech. — Shakespeare.  The  firm  (3)  of  the  Jews 
to  their  religion. — Addison.  I  shall  no  more  (4)  thee. — MUUm. 
The  (2)ed  tree. — MUtwi.  Yonder  (6)s  green. — MUtm.  Dark 
weather  (5)s  the  spirits.  An  (7)  to  the  past.  Gold  is 
often  (8)ed  with  nitric  acid  and  salt.  The  ladies  in  (10) 
upon  the  queen.  The  principal  and  two  of  his  (9).  Sub- 
jects and  (3)  of  the  king.  To  (1)  to  a  request. — Worc&^ter.  A 
faithful  (6).  (11)  grows  in  trenches.  The  President's  (11) 
is  $50,000  a  year.     Without  the  (0)  of  a  mortal  hand.— 

Sfiakespeare.      A  train  of  (10). — JIallam. 


A   Complete  Speller, 


143 


Verbal  Distinctions. 


Direction. — Mark  the  difference  in  spelling,  pronmiciation,  and  use. 


com  pla'cent,  displaying  sat- 
isfaction. 


com'plai  §ant',    desirous 
please,  courteous. 


to 


con'fi  dent,  sure  ;  trustful. 
con'fi  dant',  (mas. )   ) 
con'fi dante',  (fern.)  j  ^ 
fidential  friend. 


con- 


cor  re  spond'ence,  letter  writ- 
o  ing ;  agreement. 

cor  re  spond  ents,  those  who 
write  letters. 

£  critic,  a  judge  of  literature. 
critique',  a  criticism. 


-  defer  ence,  respect. 
difference,  disagreement. 

decease',  death. 
^  di§ea§e',  illness. 

-,  de  scent',  a  going  down. 
dissent,  to  disagree. 

de  §ert',  to  run  away  from. 
de§ert,  what  is  deserved. 
8  d^'ert,  a  barren  region. 
de§  §ert',  fruit,  pastry,  etc.^ 
after  dinner. 

Q  de  vi§e',  to  invent. 
device,  a  design. 

-J  ^  e  lic'it,  to  draw  out. 
illicit,  unlawful. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

The  remedy  is  worse  than  the  (6). — Bax:mi.  Like  roses  that 
in  (8)s  bloom  and  die. — Bype.  And  be  each  (4)  the  good- 
natured  man. — Goidrniith-  Enjoy  the  kingdom  after  my  (6). 
— Shakespeare.  He  disappointeth  the  (9)s  of  the  crafty. — Bible. 
To  become  my  (2). — Dry  den.  His  reputation  falls  far  below 
his  (8). — HamUtm..  To  (9)  curious  works. — BihU.  To  (8) 
one's  post.  A  blind  (5)  to  authority. — Middieton.  An  (10) 
trade. — Webster.  To  (7)  from  a  proposition.  (5)s  and  resem- 
blances. The  published  (3)  of  Carlyle  and  Emerson.  (1) 
pride  in  self.  An  ably  written  (4).  A  (8)  of  berries  and 
cream.  Several  enterprising  newspaper  (3).  To  (10)  truth 
by  discussion. — Webster.  A  (1)  courtier.  The  (7)  from  the 
cross.     The  fool  rageth  and  is  (2). — MUe. 


144 


Word  Lessons. 


Verbal  Distinctions. 

Direction. — Mark  the  difEerence  in  spelling^  pronunciation,  and 


^  for'mer  ly,  in  time  past.' 
form,  al  ly,  in  due  form. 

2  e  merge',  to  rise  out  of. 
im  merge,  to  plunge  into. 

q  e  rup'tion,  a  breaking  out. 
ir  rup  tion,  a  breaking  into. 

.  ex'tant,  now  existing. 
extent',  space,  size, 

f.  fa  cil'i  ty,  ease  in  doing. 
fe  lie  1  ty,  happiness. 

r,  fish'er,  one  who  fishes, 
fis  sure,  a  cleft  or  crack. 


emigrate,  to  leave  one's 
7        country. 
im  mi  grate,  to  remove  into 
a  country. 

g  gallant,  brave,  noble, 
gal  l^nt',  polite  to  ladies. 

gen'ius,  a  clever  person. 
9  ge  ni  us,  a  spirit. 
genus,  race,  kind. 

go  ril  la,  a  savage  animal. 
10  guer  ril  la,     an    irregular 
soldier. 

. .  in  cite',  to  stir  up. 
insight,  deep  view. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  ptace. 

Our  own  (5)  we  make  or  find. — Oddamith.  Life  in  its  large 
(4)  is  scarce  a  span. — Cotum.  Shakespeare  was  a  rare  (9). 
— Webster.  Forced  to  (7)  in  a  body  to  America. — Macauiay. 
The  unseen  (9)  of  the  wood. — Milton.  Three  (6)s  went  sail- 
ing out  into  the  west. — Khigsiey.  Those  who  have  (2)d  from 
very  low.  classes  of  society. — Burke.  Diseased  nature  often- 
times breaks  forth  in  strange  (3)s. — Shakespeare.  A  (8)  officer. 
—  Wtbater.  Thesc  perpendicular  (6)8  in  the  earth. — Goldsmith. 
Only  twenty  of  the  many  plays  of  Plautus  are  (4).  The  (3) 
of  the  Goths  into  Italy.  (2)ed  in  a  sea  of  troubles.  Shall 
the  Chinese  (7)  to  our  shores  ?  The  (10)  is  found  in  Africa. 
Small-pox  was  (1)  much  more  fatal.  Practice  gives  (5).  An 
(11)  into  human  nature.  Brave  in  war  and  (8)  in  love. 
(10)  warfare.  A  (9)  is  composed  of  species.  They  were  (1) 
introduced.     Pontiac  (ll)d  the  Indians  to  revolt. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


145 


Verbal  Distinctions. 


Direction. — Mark  tlie  difference  in  spelling,  pronunciation,  and  use. 


ingenious,  haying  ingenu- 
ity. 

ingenuous,  free  from  de- 
ception. 

intents',  desipis. 
intense,  strained. 

lean,  thin  ;  to  incline, 
li'en,  a  legal  claim. 

lightening,  making  light- 
er ;  flashing. 

lightning,  a  flash  of  elec- 
tric light. 

or'di  nance,  a  law. 
Old  nance,  great  guns. 


med'al,  a  stamped  piece  of 

6  metal  for  reward. 
med  die,  to  interfere. 

lin'e  a  ment,   outline,   f ea- 

7  ture. 

lin  i  ment,  liquid  ointment. 

pa'tients,  sick  persons. 

8  patience,  calmness  under 

trials. 

Q  pillar,  a  column, 
pil  low,  a  cushion. 

-J  ^  plaintiff,  the  complainant, 
plaintive,  mournful. 


Direction. — Put  the,  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

(8)  is  sorrow's  salve. — ChurcMi.  An  (1)  detestation  of 
falsehood. — Locke.  Man  he  seems  in  all  his  (7). — MUton. 
Thou'lt  die  by  God's  just  (b)  .—Shakespeare.  A  pitiful  and 
(10)  look.— ]>ickem.  Be  thy  (2)  wicked  or  charitable. — Shake- 
speare. As  (3)  was  his  horse  as  a  rake. — simkespeare.  All  the 
battlements  their  (5)  ^re.— Shakespeare.  As  (4)  does  the  will 
of  Heaven.— J^rpor?/.  The  (9)s  of  church  and  state.— Webster. 
A  (6)  bestowed  for  brave  deeds.  An  (2)  hatred  of  evil.  A 
(3)  upon  an  estate.  There  is  no  (7)  for  a  broken  heart.  (6) 
not  with  the  affairs  of  others.  Incurable  (8).  The  (10)  in 
a  lawsuit.  An  (1)  piece  of  mechanism. — Worcester.  (4)  the 
burdens  of  mankind  is  a  divine  mission.     Sloth  finds  the 

down  (9)  hard. — Shakespeare. 
10 


146 


Word  Lessons, 


Verbal  Distinctions. 

Direction. — Mark  the  difference  in  spelling,  pronunciation,  and  use. 


poplar,  a  tree. 

1  popular,  liked  by  the  peo- 

ple. 

2  pop'ulace,  the  people, 
pop  u  lous,  full  of  people. 

o  pre  cede',  to  go  before. 
pro  ceed,  to  go  forward. 

pre  ced'ent,  going  before. 
^  prgc'edent,  what  has  gone 
before  as  an  authorita- 
tive example. 

pre  cgd'ence,  a  going  before. 
5  prgc'e  dents,  plural  of  pr^c'e- 
dent. 


n  presence,  being  present, 
presents,  gifts. 

^  proph'e  sy,  to  predict, 
proph  e  cy,  a  prediction. 

g  profit,  gain. 
proph  et,  one  who  foretells. 

Q  rad'ish,  a  root, 
red  dish,  somewhat  red. 

relic,  what  remains, 
rel  ict,  a  widow. 

satire,   keen    and    severe 

composition, 
sa  tjrr,  a  sylvan  deity. 


10 


11 


Direction Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

Certain  signs  (3)  certain  events.  —  Ckcw.  The  best  (8)  of 
the  future  is  the  past. — Byrwi.  Fair  Greece  I  sad  (10)  of  de- 
parted worth. — Byron.  Now  swarms  the  (2),  a  countless 
throng. — ihpe.  Tall  (1)  trees  their  shadows  throw. — Lomjfciimo. 
He  doth  not  (7)  good  concerning  me. — Bihk.  'Twill  be  re- 
corded for  a  (4). — Shakexpeare.  Dedisions  that  became  (5)  in 
law.  The  lightning  is  (4)  to  the  thunder.  The  (5)  among 
poets  is  granted  to  Shakespeare.  An  unfulfilled  (7).  Let 
the  army  (3).  A  (3)  country.  Christmas  (6).  (11)  should 
have  a  kindly  purpose.  The  (9)  came  from  Asia.  The 
(10)  of  a  clergyman.  Clouds  of  (9)  tinge.  If  you  mean 
to  (8),  learn  to  please. — Churchm.  Whatever  is  (1)  deserves 
attention.  —Mackintosh.  Her  absence  made  the  night,  her  (6) 
brought  the  day. — Prior.    Rough  (11)8  danced. — MUton. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


147 


Verbal  Distinctions. 


Direction.— Mark  the  difference  in  sj 

6 


sculp 'tor,  a  carver  in  stone, 
^  etc. 

sculpt  ure,  work  of  a  sculp- 
tor. 


rt  sub'tile,  fine,  delicate, 
subt  le  (sut'i),  sly,  cunning. 

sta'tionary,    fixed,  perma- 
3  nent. 

sta'tioner  y,  paper,  pens,  etc. 

stat'ue,    a    carved   or  solid 
^  image. 

Stat  ute,  a  positive  law. 
Stat  ure,  height  of  a  person. 

sur'plice,  a  white  robe  worn 
5  by  clergymen. 

sur  plus,  more  than  enough. 


10 


11 


spelling,  pronunciaHon,  and  U8e. 

tow'er,  a  high  building, 
tour,  a  journey. 

trea'ties,  agreements, 
trea  tise,  a  formal  essay. 

ve  rac'i  ty,  truthfulness. 
vo  rac'i  ty,    greediness    of 
appetite. 

virt'tie,  moral  excellence  ; 

active  power, 
virtu',    objects  of  art  or 

antiquity. 

which,  a  pronoun. 
witch,  sorceress. 

with:,  a  preposition, 
withe,  a  band   of  twisted 


twigs. 


Direction. — Put  the  right  word  in  the  right  place. 

The  name  of  the  Lord  is  a  strong  (6). — BibU.  More  (2) 
web  Arachne  cannot  spin. — Spenser.  (9)  is  her  own  reward. 
— Drydm.  Foreign  men  of  mighty  (4)  came. — ih-yden.  There 
was  a  (4)  against  vagabonds. — Bacon.  A  fortune-telling  (10) 
(11)  evil  eye.  A  passion  for  collecting  articles  of  (9).  A 
man  of  unquestioned  (8).  Broken  (7)  lead  to  war.  The 
earth  appears  (3).  Athens'  great  (1),  Phidias.  A  (4)  of  a 
goddess.  The  (5)  is  made  of  linen.  A  wedding  (6).  A  (7) 
on  logic.  A  fine  stock  of  (3).  A  piece  of  marble  (1).  A 
(5)  in  the  treasury.  A  bundle  of  willow  (ll)s.  That  (8) 
(10)  leads  fish  to  devour  their  young.  The  serpent,  (2)st 
beast  of  all  the  field. — ^futo)l. 


HS  Word  Lessons, 


Review. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word. 

1.  In  (sculptor,  sculpture)  (exercised,  exorcised)  his  happy 

skill.  — Bnjdm. 

2.  Vines  clustered  around  the   lofty  (pillows,  pillars). — 

Hans  Christian  AiidevHen. 

3.  The  three  weird  (profits,  prophets)  on  the  heath. — iniug. 

4.  (Great,  grate)  character  is  as  rare  a  thing  as  (great, 

grate)  (genus,  genius). — ixmeil. 

5.  A  wise  ruler  (exceeds,  accedes)  to  the  demands  of  the 

(populous,  populace). 

6.  The  Zuyder  Zee  was  formed  by  an  (irruption,  eruption) 

of  the  ocean. 

7.  The  cause  invariably  (precedes,  proceeds)  the  (affect, 

effect). 

8.  (Virtue,  virtu)  demands  strict  (adherents,  adherence)  to 

duty. 

9.  A  wise  man  (excepts,  accepts)  good  (advise,  advice). 

10.  The  writings  of  (genius,  genus)  (elicit,  illicit)  numer- 

ous (critics,  critiques). 

11.  Eank  should  not  take  (precedents,  precedence)  of  worth. 

12.  We  know  in  part,  and  we  (prophecy,  prophesy)  in  part. 

— Bible. 

13.  (Satire,  satyr)  is  a  weapon  (witch,  which)  should  be  used 

with  care. 

14.  (Formally,  formerly)  the  wearing  of  the  (surplus,  sur- 

plice) was  ordered  by  (stature,  statue,  statute). 

16.  Solomon  (accepted,  excepted)  rich  (presence,  presents) 
from  the  Queen  of  Sheba. 

16.  The  (medal,  meddle)  bore  an  (ingenuous,  ingenious)  (de- 
vice, devise). 


A   Complete  Speller. 


149 


mas'cu  line 
ob  ject'ive 
de  fin  i  tive 
tran'si  tive 
par  ti  ci  pie 
in  fin'i  tive 
de  scrip  tive 
CO  or  di  nate 


Grammar. 

de  clen'sion 
cop'u  la  tive 
al  ter'na  tive 
pos  sess  ive 
mod  i  fi  ca'tion 
nom'i  na  tive 
ex  clam'a  to  ry 
ad  ver  sa  tive 


de  clar'a  tive 
sub  or  di  nate 
com  par  i  son 
com  par  a  tive 
su  per  la  tive 
con  ju  ga'tion 
sub  jane 'tive 
et  y  mol'o  ^ 


IlESSejSL  %%% 

Grammar. 

sin'gu  lar  au?  il'ia  ry  pos'i  tive 

neu  ter  po  ten  tial  syn  op 'sis 

pas  sive  par'a  digm  neg'a  tive 

plu  ral  syn  the  sis  a  nal'y  sis     ap  po  si'tion 

fern  i  nine  met  a  phor  ar'ti  cle         re  dun'dant 

el  lip 'sis  pie  o  nasm  sim  i  le 

ItEjsgeN  ^^e. 

Arithmetic. 

rad'i  cal  in  sur'ance  ex  tremes' 

spe  cif 'ic  ar  bi  tra'tion  re  sourc  es 

tar'iff  an  te  ced  ent  li  a  bil  'i  ties 

t4re  con'se  quent  al  li  ga  tion    pro  gres'sion 

pol'i  cy  re  cip'ro  cal  me'di  al  ad   va  lo'rem 

ra  ti  o  ex  po  nent  al  ter'nate       as  sess'ment 


in  die 'a  tive 
im  per  a  tive 
me  ton  y  my 


par*a  graph 


as 'sets 

in  vo  lu'tion 

ev  o  lu  tion 


I50 


Word  Lessons, 


par'al  lei 
ver  tic  al 
f  rus  turn 
sea  lene' 
a  cute 
ob  tuse 
trap'e  zoid 
tra  pe'zi  um 


Arithmetic. 

plane  figures 
pe  rim'e  ter 
i  s5s  ce  le§ 
hor  i  zon'tal 
di  ag  o  nal 
rhom'boid 
polygon 
al  ti  tude 


rhom'bus 
pyr  a  mid 
ge  o  met'ric  al 
men  su  ra  tion 
per  pen  die  u  lar 
par  al  lei  o  gram 
hy  poth'e  nuse 
e  qui  lat'er  al 


Pronunciation.— (See  Key,  pp.  36  and  71.) 
(yfords  from  the  French.) 


d  propos 

debut 

messieurs 

rendezvous 

(a  pro  pO') 

attache 

(da  bo') 
^clat 

/mas'yfir'  or\ 
Vraesh'yerz  } 

/r(Sng'da'v<1b'  or  \ 
Vrgn'de  voo          / 

(a  ta  8ha') 

(a  kiji') 

mirage 

resume 

bouquet 

(bob  ka') 

cortege 

(kOr'tazh) 

elite 

(a  let') 

(mu  riizli') 

mo  rale' 
naive 

(ra'zfl'nia') 

roue 

ennui 

(na'Gv) 

(rdb'ft') 

CO  te  rie' 

(an  wG') 

naivete 

sobriquet 

coupe 

(koo  pa') 

mademoiselle 

(na'Gv  ta') 

(80'brO  ka') 

(mid  mwa  zgl') 

neg  li  gee'  (zha') 

Roi  r^p 

cuisine 

(kvvC  zCn') 

mesdames 

(ma  dam') 

qui  vive 

(kG  vSv) 

(8wa  ra') 

debris 

monsieur 

regime 

trousseau 

(da  brg') 

(mQB'yur') 

(ra'zhGin') 

(trSo'BO') 

Caution. —In  pronouncing  the  following  nnd  similar  words, 
avoid  lay  In;;:  too  ni  licit  streHM  on  i\\v  syllable  next  to  the  last. 
Touch  the  unaccented  syllables  diwlinctly  but  lightly. 

in'ter  est  iug,    ])cr'cmp  to  ry,     pri'ma  ry,     dic'tion  a  ry, 
ter'ri  to  ry,    '*cer'e  mo  ny,     a  potli'e  ca  ry,     mat'ri  mo  ny. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


151 


Miscellaneous  Test  Words. 

Direction. — Illustrate  the  use  of  each  word.    The  words  arc  arranged 
alphabetically  to  aid  in  consulting  the  dictionary. 


ac'me 
se  oli  an 
a'er  o  naut 
ses  tliet'ic 
a  lac  ri  ty 
al'ka  li 
al  le  go  ry 
a  marga  mate 
an  8es  tliet'ic 
a  nal'o  gy 
a  nat  o  my 
an'gli  cize 
an  ni  ver'sa  ry 
a  nom'a  ly 
a  non  y  mous 
ap  pa  ra'tus 
ap  pren'tice 
as  sim  i  late 
as  sur  ance 
a  troc  i  ty 
au'spi  ces 
*bar  y  tone 
^Brit  ain 
■^Brit  on 
cen  ten'ni  al 


^34. 
CO  a lesce' 
con  fec'tion  er  y 
con  fed  er  a  cy 
con 'sum  mate 
con  tin'u  ance 
cor  rob  o  rate 
CO  te  rie' 
cyn'o  sure 


em'a  nate 
en  am 'or 
eu'lo  gize 
eu  pho  ny 
e  van  gel'ic 
ex'ca  vate 
gen  e  sis 
ex  o  dus 


d a  guerre  'o  type      ex  plic 'it 
de  lln  e  ate  fac-sim'i  le 


de  o  dor  ize 
de  plete 
de  roff  a  to  rv 
des'ic  cate 
det  ri  ment 
deu  ter  on'o  my 
di'o  cese 
di  plo'ma  cy 
dis  par  i  ty 
dis  syl  la  ble 
ddl'or  ous 
ef  f  em'i  na  cy 
ef  fi  cien  cy 
e'go  tism 
el  lipse' 


fir'ma  ment 
fise  al 
fla  grant 
fu  ne're  al 
hel'le  bore 
hem  or  rliage 
hi  lar'i  ty 
hon'or  a  ry 
im  plic 'it 
in  cen  tive 
in  ci  sive 
in  de  cen  cy 
in  dig  e  nous 
in  oc  u  late 
vac'ci  nate 


*(??•  bar'i  tone. 


t  Briton,  a  native  of  lirUain. 


152 


Word  Lessons. 


Miscellaneous  Test  Words. 

Direction.— Illustrate  the  use  of  each  word.   The  words  are  arranged 
alphabetically  to  aid  in  consulting  the  dictiohary. 

in  flex'i  ble 

in  sen  si  ble  *op  ti  mist 


om'i  nous 


in  ter  sperse' 
in'ter  stice 
in  tol'er  ant 
in  vin  ci  ble 
in  vis  i  ble 
i  tal  i  cize 
lab'o  ra  to  ly 
lab  y  rinth 
mar  i  time 
^men  ag'e  rie 
mer'ce  na  ry 
mis  ere  ant 
mis  de  mean 'or 
mne  mon'ics 
mol'li  fy 
men  e  ta  ry 
mon  o  syl  la  ble 
mo  not'o  ny 
nec'es  sa  ly 
ni  hil  ism 
nul  li  fy 
ob  serv'ance 


*pe8  si  mist 
OS  tra  cize 
^ag  eant  ry 
pan  a  ce'a 
par'ox  ysm 
pen  ta  tench 
per  ens 'si  on 
phos'pbor  us 
^piqu  an  cy 
pla  gi  a  rize 
*ple  ia  des 
pneu  mafic 
po  lyg  a  my 
prep  a  ra'tion 
pre  ten'tious 
pri  or  i  ty 
prom 'on  to  ry 
pro  pri'e  tor 
ra  pac  i  ty 
re  cur  rence 
red'o  lent 
rel  e  gate 


^5g. 

rep  a  ra'tion 
rep  ar  tee 
re  pug'pant 
req'ui  site 
res  o  nant 
re  sus'ci  tate 
rev  e  la'tion 
rhet'o  ric 
rum  mage 
sa  gac'i  ty 
^san'a  tory 
^san  i  ta  ry 
san  i  ty 
sat  el  lite 
scur  ril  ous 
sol  e  cism 
ste  re  o  type 
sup  pli  ant 
sup  pu  rate 
te  mer'i  ty 
trench 'ant 
tri  syl 'la  ble 
va'ri  e  gate 
zeal  ous 


Prounnciation.— >  men  flzh'e  ry.    «  prtj  ant  ry.    »  pTk'-.    <  plC'ya  de>!. 
*  'V\\f^  oplimUt  )io1<1h  that  all  events  tire  ordered  for  the  l»eHt-the  f>fsKimiitf  takes  the 
opposite  view,    t  Sanatory,  tending  to  promolo  health;  mnitai-y,  pertaining  to  health. 


PART     IV. 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Definition. — Synonyms  are  words  of  like  significance  in  the  main, 
but  with  a  certain  unlikeness  as  well. — Trench. 

^  Mng,  motion  toward  the  speaker. 

7  fetch,  motion,  first  from,  then  toward,  the  speaker  (go 

I  and  bring). 

haste  denotes  quickness  of  action  and  a  strong  desire  for 

getting  on. 

hur'ry  is  a  confused  or  rash  haste. 
2 

speed  denotes  the  actual  progress  made. 

dis  patch'  denotes  the  promptitude  and  rapidity  with  which 
things  are  done. 

i'dle,  unemployed  ;  averse  to  doing  anything  useful. 
3  in'do  lent  denotes  a  love  of  ease,  or  an  aversion  to  effort. 

la'zy,  averse  to  bodily  effort — more  contemptuous  than  in- 
dolent. 

in'dus  try  implies  habitual  devotion  to  labor. 

dil'i  geiice  denotes  earnest  application  to  some  specific  ob- 
ject or  pursuit,    {industrious,  adj. ;  diligent,  adj. ) 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  And  as  she  was  going  to it,  he  called  to  her  and  said, me, 

I  pray  thee,  a  morsel  of  bread. — Bible. 

2  A  man  may  properly  be  in ,  but  never  in  a .     usually 

secures . 

3  Why  stand  ye  here  all  the  day "i— Bible.   An mind  is  not 

capable  of  true  enjoyment.     Shall  we  stretch  our bodies  on  our 

beds  while  the  world  is  hard  at  work  ? 

4  A   man  is who  is  actually  employed,  and if  disposed 

always  to  be  employed. 


154  Word  Lessom 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

The  con  niv'ance  (winking)  of  public  men  at  what  is  wrong 
is  often  the  result  of  the  basest  col  lu'sion  (playing  into  each 
other's  hands). 

A  few  persons  form  a  ca bal  or  junto  and  intrigtie  secretly 
for  power  ;  a  fac'tion  works  more  openly. 

Con  ceal'  facts  or  crimes  ;  dis  guise'  sentiments  ;  dis  sem'ble 
feelings  ;  secrete'  goods. 

Con  sign'  goods  to  an  agent ;  in  trust'  money  or  goods  to  a 
servant. 

A  con  tempt'u  ous  opinion  expresses  contempt ;  a  con  tempt'- 
i ble  opinion  ^eserv^s  contempt.  Egotism  is  contemptible; 
treachery  is  des'pi cable  (stronger  term).  Pit'iful  excuse,  pre- 
tense, or  weakness  ;  pal'try  trifle,  evasion,  or  subterfuge. 

He  is  con  tent'  who  holds  enough  ;  he  is  sat'is  fled  who  gets 
enough. 

IiE^gajsi  ^41. 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 
Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

Clum'sy  (lumpish,  heavy)  person,  shape,  or  expression ; 
awk'ward  (ungraceful)  movements  or  manners ;  un  couth' 
(untrained)  manners  or  language. 

Droll  fellow  ;  comic al  adventure  ;  laugh'a bio  incident ; 
lu'di  crous  scene  or  situation  ;  fa  ce'tlous  person  or  reply. 

An  er'ror  may  be  corrected  ;  a  mis  take'  may  be  rectified  or 
overlooked  ;  a  blun'der  is  blamable  or  laughable. 

I  thought  the  attempt  foolish  at  first,  now  I  think  it 
ab  surd'  and  even  pre  pos'ter  ous. 

Youth'fiil  employments  or  aspirations ;  ju've  nlle  perform- 
ances or  tricks  ;  pu'er  Ue  (usually  in  a  bad  sense)  objections. 


A   Complete  Speller,  155 

English  Prefixes. 


a           —  at,  in,  on. 

out       -  beyond. 

be          =  to  make,  by. 

over     =  above. 

en  (em)  =  in,  on,  to  make. 

to         =  the,  this. 

for         =  not,  from. 

un        =  not,  opposite  act. 

fore       =  before. 

under  =  beneath. 

mis        =  wrong,  wrongly. 

with     =  against,  from. 

Direction. — Define  and  use  the  following  derivatives. 
Model.— A-srounii,  on  the  (/round, '  i.e.,  stranded  or  stopped.    The  vessel 
rail  aground. 

A-head,  a-blaze,  a-shorc,  be-numb,  be-side,  be-eause,  en-circle,  em- 
bark, em-power,  for-bid,  for-bear,  fore-sight,  fore-shadow,  mis-rule, 
mis-apply,  out-break,  out-weigh,  over-rule,  over-shadow,  to-night,  un- 
able, un-skilled,  un-deceive,  under-mine,  under-rate,  with-stand,  with- 
hold 


II 


Latin  Prefixes, 
ab  (abs)  =  from.  de  =  down,  from. 

*ad  (a,  ac,  af,  ag,  al,  an,  ap,  ar,    dis  (di,  dif)  =  apart,  not,  opposite 

as,  at)  =  to.  act. 

ante  =  before.  ex  (e,  ec,  ef)  =  out  of,  from. 

bi  (bis)  =  two,  twice.  extra  =  beyond. 

circum  (circu)  =  around.  in  (il,  im,  ir)  =  in,   on   (in  verbs 

con  (co,  col,  com,  cor)  =  with,  and  nouns);  not  (in  adj.  and 

together.  nouns). 

contra  (counter)  =  against.  inter  =  between. 

Direction. — Define  and  use  the  following  derivatives. 

Model. — ^c-centrlc,  out  of  the  center  ;  hence,  irregular,  odd.  JScrentrie 
conduct. 

Ab-normal  (L.  norma,  rule),  abs-tain  (L.  tenere,  to  hold),  ad-minis- 
ter, a-scend,  ac-custom,  af-flx,  an-nex,  ap-portion,  at-tain,  ante-date, 
bi-ped  (L.  pes,  foot),  circum-navigate,  con-dole  (L.  dolere,  to  grieve), 
co-equal,  com-press,  cor-respond,  contra-distinction,  counter-balance, 
de-merit,  dis-inter,  dis-seminate  (L.  seminare,  to  sow),  dif-fldent,  ex- 
port (L.  poriare,  to  carry),  e-ject,  ec-centric,  extra-vagant,  im-porl, 
il-legitimate,  ir-reverent,  inter-mission. 

*  For  tlie  sake  of  euplioiiy  the  last  letter  of  the  prefix  is  often  changed  to  the  first 
letter  of  the  root,  or  is  dropped. 


156  Word  Lessons, 


Latin  Prefixes — Continued. 

non  =  not.  retro  =  backward. 

ob  (oc,  of,  op)  =  in  front,  in  the  se  =  aside, 

way,  against.  semi  =  half. 

*per  =  through,  thoroughly.  sub  (sue,  suf ,  sug,  sup,  sus)  =  under. 

post  —  after.  super  ( French,  sur)  =  above,  over. 

pre  =  before.  trans  (tra)  =  over,  beyond. 

pro  —  for,  forth.  ultra  =  beyond. 

re  =  back  or  again.  vice  =  instead  of. 

Direction. — Define  and  use  the  following  derivatives. 
Model.— rer-y&iU'^  to  go  through,  to  affect  entirely.   This  w^\r\t  pervades 
all  his  ^Tords  and  actious. 

Non-essential,  ob-ject  (L.  jacere,  to  throw),  pro-ject,  re-ject,  sub- 
ject, op-press,  per-manent,  per-vade,  post-meridian,  pre-fix,  pre-ma- 
ture,  pro-noun,  re-lapse,  retro-spect,  se-lect,  semi-circle,  sub-jugate  (L. 
jugum,  a  yoke),  suc-cumb  (L.  cumbere,  to  lie  down),  sup-press,  super- 
natural, sur-pass,  trans-port,  tra-verse,  ultra-marine,  vice-roy,  (Fr.  roi^ 
king). 

IiEJS]S0]\I  ^4^. 
Greek  Prefixes. 

a  (an)  =  without,  not.  en  (em)  =  in,  on. 

amphi  =  both,  around.  epi  (ep)  =  upon. 

ana  =  up,  back,  through.  hyper  =  over. 

anti  (ant)  =  against,  opposite.         hypo  =  under. 

apo  (ap)  =  from.  meta  (met)  =  beyond,  change. 

cala  (cat)  —  down.  syn  (sy,  syl,  sym)  =  with,  together. 

dia  =  through. 

Direction. — Define  and  use  the  following  derivatives. 
Model.— Ana-}ysls  a  loosening  up  thoroughly,  a  separation  into  parts. 
Analysis  orseiitenc<>H;  chemietil  analysis. 

A-theist  (Gr.  theos.  God),  an-archy,  amphi-theater,  ana-lysis  (Gr. 
luein,  to  loosen),  anti-pathy  (Gr.  pathos,  feeling),  a-pathy,  sym-pathy, 
ant-arctic,  apo-stle  (Gr.  stellein,  to  send),  ap-helion  (Gr.  helios,  the  sun), 
cata-ract,  dia-meter  (Gr.  metron,  a  measure),  em-phasis.  epi-demic  (Gr. 
demos,  the  people),  hyper-critical,  hypo-crite,  meta-physics,  syn-the- 
sis  {thesis,  a  placing),  anti-thesis. 

♦  Per,  Btandliig  alone,  means  by ;  as,  per  centum,  by  the  hundred. 


1 


A   Complete  Speller.  157 

IlEJSg6]V[  ^46. 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 


discoT'er.     We  discover  what  existed  before. 
in  vent'.     We  invent  what  did  not  exist  before. 


Q  ca  pac'i  ty,  power  of  receiving. 
ability,  power  to  do  ;   abilities  denotes  all  our  powers. 

genius  implies  high  and  peculiar  gifts  of  nature  ;  extraor- 
3  dinary  power  of  originating  ;  as,  gen'nis for  poetry. 

talent  implies  natural  strength  of  intellect ;  power  to  ex- 
ecute ;  as,  talent  for  business  or  oratory. 

courage,  that  firmness  of  spirit  that  meets  danger  without 

fear. 
brav'ery,  that  courage  which  shows  itself  in  outward  acts. 
gallantry,  adventurous  courage. 
intrepidity,  firm  courage. 

for'ti  tude,  passive  courage,  bearing  up  nobly  under  trial. 
her'o  ism  calls  into  existence  all  the  modifications  of  cour- 

age,  and  comes  from  a  noble  devotion  to  some  great 

cause. 

"DirecMon.— Choose  the  right  word,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  Watt the  steam-engine.     Harvey the  circulation  of  the 

blood.     of  art  ;  of  science. 

2  Although  the  youth  had  only  ordinary ,  by  application  he  be- 
came a  man  of  marked . 

3  reaches  its  ends  by  a  kind  of  intuitive  power  ;  depends 

more  on  high  mental  training.    xjreates  ;  learns  and  executes. 

needs  opportunities  ;  makes  them  for  itself. 

4  is  useful  in  the  hour  of  attack  ;  —  is  of  service  at  all  times. 

The  history  of  the  American  Revolution  furnishes  many  instances  of 

true  .      Washington  and  his  troops  at  Valley  Forge  gave  the 

world  an  example  of .  The of  the  general  ia  resisting  the  at- 
tack of  a  superior  force,  and  the of  his  dashing  officers  were  prop- 
erly commended. 


158  Word  Lessons. 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations, 

Cheer'ful  ness  is  a  habit  of  the  mind.  Gay'ety  is  an  occa- 
sional excitement  of  animal  spirits.  Mirth  or  mer'ri  ment  is 
noisy  gayety. 

Vexa'tion  springs  from  a  sense  of  loss,  disappointment, 
etc. ;  morti  flea' (ion,  from  wounded  pride;  chagrin',  from 
either,  being  usually  not  so  lasting. 

Substantial  com'fort  at  home ;  con  so  la'tion  when  we  are 
in  sorrow  ;  solace  ourselves  with  books,  society,  etc. 

A  man  may  be  silent  from  circumstances  ;  he  is  tac'i turn 
from  disposition. 

Talkative  child  ;  loquacious  woman  ;  garrulous  old  man. 

A  cir  cum  stan'tial  account  embraces  all  the  leading  events ; 
a  par  lie' ular  account  goes  further;  a  minute'  account  goes 
further  still. 

liEJS^eN  ^4S. 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

IXrection. — Learri  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

''The  whole  is  greater  than  a  part^^^  is  an  axiom  (self- 
evident  truth).  **  Honesty  is  the  best  policy,'*^  is  a  max'im 
(guiding  principle).  '^  Light  gains  make  heavy  purses ^'^^  is 
a  proverb  (common,  pithy  saying).  "  Wliat  hurts  us  in- 
structs uSy^^  is  a  Greek  ad'age  (very  old  proverb). 

Cloister,  a  place  of  seclusion  ;  nion'astery,  a  place  of  soli- 
tude, usually  for  men  called  monks  ;  nun'nery, — always  for 
women  called  nuns ;  con'vent,  a  community  of  recluses  ; 
ab'bey  or  pri'ory, — named  from  the  head,  an  abbot  or  a  prior. 

Joyous  or  solemn  feasts  ;  a  splendid  ban'quet ;  celebrate 
with  a  joyful  fes'ti  val ;  a  drunken  earous'nl. 

Iti'ased  by  self-interest :  pre pos sessi^r  in  lior  favor  ;  preju- 
diced against  me. 


A   Complete  Speller,  159 

IiE550N  ^49. 
Suffixes  Classified. 

Noun  Suffixes. 

One  who  does  {agent),— a-n^  ant,  ent,  ar,  er,  or,  ard,  ary,  eer, 
ier,  ist,  ive,  ster. 

One  who  iSy  one  to  whom. — ate,  ee,  ite,  ive. 
Place  where, — ary,  ery,  ory. 

Direction. — Define  the  following  derivatives.     Give  others. 

Models, 
lapid-fflr?/,  one  who  ads  precious  stones.         ejungel-ist,  one  who  brings  good  news. 
\esAt-ee,  one  to  whom  propeiiy  is  left.  deleg-afe,  one  who  is  sent  by  others. 

wm\n-ary,  apktce  where  seed  is  sown,  a       dormlt-orj/,  a  place  where  people  sleep, 
sclwol. 

^n^e-dilmi-an  (L.  diluvium,  flood),  mendlc-ant,  adher-ent,  schol-ar, 
biograph-er,  cotnpetit-or,  wiz-ard,  incendi-ary,  auction-eer,  cash-ier, 
monopol-ist,  operat-ive,  pun-ster,  associ-ate,  assign-ee,  mortgag-ee, 
favor-ite,  capt-ive,  api-ary  (L.  a'pis,  a  bee),  henu-ery,  observat-ory. 

Noun  Suffixes — Continued. 

State,  quality,  act.— acy,  age,  al,  ance,  ancy,  dom,  ence,  ency, 
hood,  ing,  ion,  ism,  ment,  mony,  ness,  ry,  ship,  th,  tude,  ty  or  ity, 
ure,  y. 

Diminutives, — cle,  cule,  ie  or  y,  kin,  en,  let,  ling,  ock,  ule,  ette. 

Direction. — Define  the  following  derivatives.     Give  others. 
Models. 
Bch-latn,  state  of  being  divided.  frlct-  ion,  the  act  of  rubbing. 

eaphon-}^,  quality  of  sounding  well.  mani-fciw,  a  little  man. 

Suprem-acy,  pilgrim-age,  recit-al,  forbear-ance,  expect-ancy,  raar- 
tyr-dom,  abhorr-ence,  transpar-ency,  likeli-hood,  rehears-ing,  rebell- 
ion, barbar-ism,  atone-ment  (at-one-ment),  matri-mony,  holi-ness, 
pleasant-ry,  apprentice-ship,  dep-th,  soli-tude,  brev-ity,  rapt-ure, 
bigara-y,  parti-cle,  aniinai-cule,  Torara-y,  Will-ie,  lamb-kin,  kitt-en, 
rivu-let,  found-ling,  hill-ock,  glob-iile,  ros-ette,  cigar-ette. 


i6o  Word  Lessons, 


Adjective  Suffixes. 

JPei'taining  f o.— al,  an,  ar,  ary,  ic  or  ical,  id,  ile,  ine,  ory, 
Full  of  or  having. — ate,  ful,  ose,  ous,  some,  y. 
That  may  or  can  6e.— able,  ble,  ible,  ile. 
'  Having  power,— We.    Like,— iah,  like,  ly. 
Without,— leaa.    Being  or  ing,—ant,  ent.    Made  of. 

Direction. — Define  and  use  the  following  derivatives. 

Models.— \qu\l-ine,  pertaining  to  an  eagle,  hooked.  AqnIIine  nose. 
Verd-onf,  being  green.    Verdiiiit  fields. 

Celesti-al,  suburb-an,  ocul-ar  (L.  oculus,  the  eye),  planet-ary.  ocean- 
ic,  astronom-ical,  torr-id,  puer  ile,  (L.  puer,  a  child,  a  boy),  saechar-ine 
(L.  saccharum,  sugar),  declamat-ory,  intric-ate,  grate-ful,  joc-ose,  tim- 
or-ous,  frolic- some,  flower-y,  habit-able,  naviga-ble,  convert-ible,  frag- 
ile, correct-ive.  knavish,  matronly,  fruit-less,  err-ant,  malevol-ent, 
(L.  male,  ill,  velle,  to  wish),  braz-en. 


IiEggajvi  ^^'2. 


Verb  Suffixes. 
To  mahe,—a.te,  en,  fy,  ish,  ise  or  ize. 

Adverb  Suffixes. 
Manner,— lYi  wise.     Direction,— em^  ward. 

Direction.— Z)e;?we  and  use  the  follouing  derivatives. 

Jj»-simil-ate,  straight-en,  ampli-fy,  embell-ish,  tranquil-ize,  critic-ise, 
oandid-ly,  like-wise,  south-ern,  lee-ward. 

Review. 

Ac-celer-ate  (L.  celerare,  to  hasten),  a-melior-ate  (L.  melior,  better), 
e-radic-ate  (L.  radix,  a  root),  re-act-ion,  inter-nation-al,  con-sign-ment, 
op-press-ive-ly,  ir-re-press-ible,  pre-occupat-ion,  de-gener-ate  (L.  genus, 
race,  kind),  com-petit-ive  (L.  peters,  to  seek). 

To  <he  Teacher.— These  exeroises  nmy  very  profitably  be  continued  by 
selecting  derivatives  for  the  pupils  to  analyze. 


A   Complete  Speller,  i6i 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

.  ab'sli  nence,  the  act  of  refraining  altogether. 
tem'per  ancc,  the  act  of  using  or  enjoying  with  moderation. 
{abstain,  vb. ;  abstinent,  adj.;  temperate,  adj.) 

distinguished,  standing  apart  from  others  in  the  public 
yiew, — as  for  learning  or  public  services. 

eminent,  standing  out  above  the  rest, — as  for  learning, 
skill,  or  piety. 

cel'e  bra  ted,  widely  spoken  of  with  honor, — as  for  benevo- 
lent deeds,  or  discoveries. 

re nowned,  named  again  and  again  with  honor  for  some 
2  signal  deed  ;  as,  a  renowned  warrior  or  statesman. 

fa'iiious,  widely  spoken  of  as  extraordinary, — as  for  talents 
or  eccentricities. 

il  lus'tri  ous,  possessing  a  splendor  which  confers  the  high- 
est dignity, — as  for  virtues  or  noble  deeds. 

not'ed,  well  known  by  reputation, — as  for  talents  or  ab- 
surdities. 

noto'rions,  widely  known,  usually  to  disadvantage. 

dis  sem'blers  conceal  what  they  are. 
hyp'o  crites  feign  to  be  what  they  are  not. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  We  are in  what  is  good  ;  we from  what  is  not  good.    Be 

in  youth,  or  you  will  have  to  be in  old  age. 

2  Sir  William  Hamilton  was  a metaphysician.    The  physician 

soon  became in  his  profession.     There  are authors  whom  to 

censure  would  endanger  one's  reputation.     Napoleon  was ;  Alex- 
ander was  — —  ;  Washington  was .     characters  excite  many 

remarks  from  friends  and  enemies  ;    characters  are  generally 

shunned. 

3  Andre,  passing  within  the  American  lines  in  a  citizen's  dress,  was 
a ;  Arnold,  whom  he  went  to  visit,  had  long  been  a . 

11 


1 62  Word  Lessons, 


IiESJS0]\[^i4. 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

Fright' inl  dream  or  shriek  ;  tre  men'doas  shock  or  storm  ; 
terrible  catastrophe,  hurricane,  or  roar;  horrible  deeds, 
sights,  or  stories  ;  fearful  contest  or  wave ;  the  last,  dreadful 
day ;  dreadful  gloom  ;  awful  solitude  ;  shocking  exhibition 
of  wickedness  ;  shocking  news. 

To  murder  is  to  kill  with  malicious  forethought ;  to  as  sas'- 
siiiate  is  to  murder  suddenly  and  by  stealth. 

Massacre  refers  to  the  promiscuous  slaughter  of  many 
human  beings  ;  butcher y,  to  cold-blooded  cruelty  in  slaugh- 
tering ;  car'nage,  to  the  heaped-up  bodies. 

Fero'cious  in  temper ;  fierce  in  actions;  bar'barons  in  the 
manner  of  carrying  out  one's  pui-poses ;  sav'age  in  the  spirit 
and  feelings  expressed  in  one's  words  or  deeds. 

A tro'cious  crime  ;  flagrant  act  of  injustice  ;  hei'nous  sin. 


Less 


6fl  2S^. 
Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction.— /;ert?m  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

Out  of  the  abundance  (overflow)  of  the  heart  the  mouth 
speaketh.  Ex  u'ber  ance  (bursting  forth)  of  animal  spirits  or 
vegetation. 

Extravagant  in  the  use  of  money  or  in  praise  ;  lavish  of 
one's  means  or  compliments  ;  profuse'  in  bounties  or  thanks  ; 
prod'l  gal  of  one's  time,  treasure,  or  strengtli. 

Pov'erty,  deficiency  in  the  means  of  living.  Indigence, 
absence  of  the  necessaries  of  life. 

Uncertain  weather;  preca'rious  means  of  living. 

Stocks  fluct'u  ate  ;  a  man  fluct'u  ates  between  conflicting  in- 
fluences. A  man  vacillates  in  his  opinions  and  purposes, 
and  wa'vers  when  the  hour  for  action  comes. 


A    Complete  Speller,  163 


Word-Analysis  and  Word-Building. 

To  the  pupil. — A  change  in  the  application  of  the  words  of  our  lan- 
guage is  constantly  going  on,  and  in  this  the  metaphor  plays  an  impor- 
tant part.  . 

From  some  real  or  fancied  likeness  of  two  things,  a  term  belonging  to 
the  one  is  carried  over  to  the  other,  and  this  metaphorical  use  often 
comes  to  be  the  common  use  of  the  word. 

You  can  now  see  how  the  word  polite,  which  originally  rnQOxii  polished, 
came  to  have  its  present  use.  We  should  not  now  think  of  speaking 
of  polite  metal,  but  we  may  use  polished  literally,  and  say  polished 
metal,  or  metaphorically,  and  say  polished  manners. 

Many  interesting  facts  will  come  to  light  in  following  up  the  line 
which  connects  the  present,  or  current,  meaning  of  a  word  with  the 
original,  and  those  fond  of  exploration  and  discovery  will  find  these 
exercises  a  diversion  rather  than  a  task. 


IlEggejSI   ^^6. 


Direction. — The  prefixes  and  suflSxes  below  are  printed  in  Italic  and 
the  roots  in  black  letters.  Search  these  parts  out  from  the  Reference 
Lists  in  the  back  part  of  the  book,  combine  them,  give  the  literal  mean- 
ing of  each  word,  and  trace  its  relation  to  the  current  meaning  as  here 
illustrated.  Give  and  explain  as  many  other  uses  as  possible.  Two 
roots  will  sometimes  be  found  in  one  derivative.  You  are  not  to  look 
up  the  letters  inclosed  within  marks  of  parenthesis. 

Model.— Capital  from  caput,  the  heid,  and  nl,  perlaininar  to,  means  \\\er- 
^\\y  l^ertnining  to  Hie  head.  The  head  being  ihe  chief  or  uppermost  part  of  the 
body  and  the  source  of  intellectual  power,  we  say  "  capital  city,"  "  capital  speech," 
*'  capital  letter,"  "  political  capital,"  "  capital  in  trade,"  etc. 

Capit  +  fi^/  city;  to  pre  +  d\}it  +  ate  (to  throw  head-first,  to 
hasten)  the  conflict  ;pre  +  cipit  +  ant  (headlong)  flight ;  steep, 
but  not  pre  +  cipit  +  ous.  To  make  the  main  points  clearer  I 
will  re  +  capit  + w/(=  tile) -\- ate.  The  enemy  offered  to  capit  + 
ul{=ule)  +  ate  (to  draw  up  little  heads,  to  surrender  on  terms). 
re-\-iimm  +  ate  disheartened  troops;  spoke  with  anim  +  «^(  = 
ate) +  1071',  The  true  animus  of  this  affair;  to  whose  contin- 
ued bene  +  flc  f  ence\  the  bene  +  flc  +  ent  fruits  of  Christianity  ; 
a  well-directed  bene  +  fact  +  ^o?^ ;   cas(u)  +aZ  remark  ;   an  un- 


164  Word  Lessons. 


happy  cas(u)  +  al-\-  ti/  ;  to  obscurity  and  de  +  cad  -f  e7ice  ;  ac  + 
cid  +  e7it  +  al  meeting  ;  in  +  cid  -j-^nt  +  al  remark  ;  de  +  cid(u)  + 
ous  trees  (leaves  falling  in  autumn)  ;  the  remarkable  co  + 
in -{- cid -{- ence  of  the  death  of  both  Adams  and  Jefferson  on 
the  4th  of  July,  1826.  Party-spirit  engenders  *anim-f  os(=; 
ose)-\-ity.  The  assembly  was  un(unus,  one)  +  aiiim  +  0^6*. 
Secure  un(unus)  +  anim  +  ity. 

Direction.— Combine  the  parts,  give  the  literal  meaning,  and  find 
your  own  illustrations. 

c?e -h  capit  +  a^e,  auim  +  «^e,  in  +  mnm-^ate,  aiiim  +  «^(=  ate) 
+  edf  bene  +  fact  +  or,  bene  +  fle(i)  +  al,  bene  +  diet  +  ion,  f  cad  -t- 
ence,  oc+cs^-\-ion,  in-\-c\d-\-ent,  co  +  /w  +  cide. 

llEjSjS6]\[  ^i?. 

See  '*  Direction,"  p.  163. 
Enforcing  justice  and  equ  +  i7^  ;  an  equ(it)+a&Ze  distribu- 
tion ;  no  ad  f  equ  +  ate  champion  ;  the  in  +  ad-\-  equ  4-  acy  of 
the  alleged  causes  ;  his  ag  +  He  heels ;  the  ag  +  il(  =  He)  +  ity  of 
a  monkey  ;  e?z  + act  wise  laws  ;  legislative  en ->r  act  +  ment  +  s  ; 
good  counter -\-2iQi-^ing  ill ;  to  alien +  05^6  from  ;  alien +  «/(  = 
ate)  +  ion  of  the  affections  ;  /;i  +  alien  +  aile  rights  ;  *'  Ann  + 
al +  8  of  2i  Quiet  Neighborhood  "  ;  a  life  annu  +  ity  ;  co/i  +  clas 
+  ive  evidence  ;  ex  +  cliis  +  ive  privilege  ;  from  the  third  to 
the  ninth  in  +  clus  +  ive  ;  pre  +  elude  all  possibility.  The  peony 
is  ajoer  +  enn(i)+a?. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 
in  -\-ad  +  equ  4-  ate,  in  +  iqu  +  ity,  in  +  iqH(it)  +  ous,  ag  +  ent, 
in  +  act ■i-iv(=  ive)  4- ity,  trans  +  act,  trans 4- act 4-  ion,  alien, 
annu4-«?,  5i+enn(i)4-«?,  sem/4-aiinu  4-«/,  con  +  chide,  con -h 
clus -^  ion,  ea;  4- elude,  ex -\- clus  +  ion,  m  4- elude,  se-h  clus -^  ion, 
8e  +  clud-{-ed. 

*  Literally  sfafe  qf  being fM  of  life  or  npirlt ;  but  this  word  has  been  restricted  to  a 
special  application,  and  now  denotes  violent  hatred. 

t  Cadence,  like  animosity,  has  been  restricted  in  application,  and  now  means  a  fait- 
ing  qf  the  voice. 


A   Complete  Speller,  165 


IlEJSJSON    ^^S. 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

calamity,  any  cause  of  great  misery  or  extensive  evil, 
(lis  as'ter,  a  sudden  and  distressing  event. 
mis  fortune,  ill  fortune  ;  evil  accident. 
mis  chance' <w  mis  hap',  a  trivial  misfortune, 

aban'don,  to  give  up  wholly, — as  vice,  a  ship. 
de  serf,  to  run  away  from ;  to  part  from, — as  a  post  of 
duty,  a  friend. 

2  for  sake',  to  draw  away  from, — as  bad  habits,  companions. 
relin'qnish,  to  give  up  or  let  go  under  pressure, — as  tlxe 

grasp,  a  claim,  purposes.  ^ 

sur  ren'der,  to  give  over  {usually  under  a  necessity), — as  a 
fort,  one's  will. 

ac  count',  statement  of  a  single  event,  or  a  series  of  events 
taken  as  a  whole, — as  a  shipwreck,  a  battle. 

3  nar'rative,  a  story  of  connected  incidents, — as  the  events 

of  a  siege,  one's  life. 
de  scrip'tion,  a  sketch  or  picture  in  words, — as  of  a  person, 
a  sunrise. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  tvord,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  A seldom  arises  from  the  direct  agency  of  man.     gener- 
ally arise  from  the  carelessness  of  persons  or  the  unfitness  of  things  for 

their  use.     often  come  without  any  specific  cause.     A  slight 

detained  him. 

2  We  have all  and  followed  thee.— Bible.     We our  hopes. 

The  soldiers  of  Hannibal  themselves  to  pleasure  at  Capua.     He 

foolishly himself  to  the  tempter.     He  will  not the  cause. 

3  Readers  are  charmed  with  Milton's of  paradise.     of  the 

accident  were  received  from  different  sources.     The of  his  advent- 
ures in  Africa  was  given  to  the  public. 


1 66  Word  Lessons. 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  ittusiraiions. 

One  is  always  surrounded  by  dan'ger.  One's  life  is  some- 
times in  per  11.  Hazard  life  and  property  in  a  bold  venture  ; 
a  life  in  jeop  ard  y  (extreme  danger). 

In  im'mi  nent  danger  of  one's  life  ;  ini  pend'ing  evils  of  war  ; 
threat'cn  inj?  indications  for  the  future. 

Con  cern',  not  indifference  ;  so  lic'i  tude  and  even  anx  i'e  ty 
regarding  your  future. 

Cau'tioiis  at  all  times  against  evil ;  wa'ry  of  hostile  designs  ^ 
cir'cuni  spect  (looking  around)  in  matters  of  peculiar  deli- 
cacy and  difficulty. 

Habitual  hostility  marks  the  ad'versary;  oppo'nents  are 
pitted  against  each  other ;  an  tag'o  nists  struggle  in  the  contest. 

A  fortress  is  de  fend  ed  by  its  guns  and  pro  tect'ed  by  its 
walls. 

IlEgge]^   ^66. 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

A  storm  or  a  fever  abates'  ;  a  tumult  or  a  passion  subsides'. 

Alleviate  (lighten)  cares  or  distresses;  niil'i grate  (make 
mild)  punishment,  one's  anguish,  or  the  fierceness  of  pas- 
sion ;  assuage'  (sweeten  =  soften)  sorrow  or  angry  feelings; 
aliay'  (quiet)  grief  or  wounded  sensibility. 

A  general  or  a  local  physical  debility;  infirmity  of  the 
eyes,  etc.;  inflrm'ities  of  age  ;  ini  beciiity  of  body  or  mind. 

Corpo'real  substance  or  frame;  corporal  (not  corporeal) 
punishment. 

Nox'ious  weeds  or  food  ;  noisome  vapors  or  pestilence. 

I  labor  for  the  recov'ery  of  my  property,  but  am  indebted 
to  another  for  its  restora'tion. 


A    Complete  Speller.  167 


IlEJSJSON  t^V 

Word-Analysis  and  Word-Building. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

Cap  +  able  engineer  ;  capt -\-iv(=  ive)  ■\-at{=  ate)  4- ing  love- 
liness ;  capt(i)  -\-ous  disposition  ;  co/i  +  ceive  the  idea  ;  finds  no 
rtC  +  cept  +  «/ice  ;  the  common  «c  +  cept  +  (at)iO?2  of  the  term  ; 
form  a  con  +  cept  +  ion  of  the  Deity  ;  un  +  ex-h  cepl  +  ion  +  able 
language  ;  opposed  it  from  its  very  in -\-ce^i  + ion;  children 
are  more  sus  +  cept  +  ibie  ;  anti(=  ante)  +  cip  +  ate  pleasures  ; 
e  4- man  +  cip  +  «^e  a  slave  ;  emancipate  one  from  error  ;  in-\- 
e\^{\)-\-ent  stage  of  the  disease  ;  the  re  +  cip(i)  ^-ent  of  many 
favors  ;  choice  and  felic(it)  -\-ous  English. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

in  +  csLi^-\-able,  capt  +  or,  capt+tV{=iVtj)  +  iYy,  capt+«^r^, 
Je  -l-ceive,  per  +  ceive,  re  +  ceive,  ac  +  cept,  ac  +  cept  +  able,  pre 
+  cept,  ^re  +  cept  +  or,  re  +  cept  +  io/i,  parti-f-cip(le),  parti + 
cip  +  ate,  parti  +  cip  +  ant,  felic  +  ity,  in  +  felic  +  ity,  parti  +  cle, 
parti  +  al. 

LEgg0fI  ^6^ 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

To  ac  +  cede  to  a  request ;  inquire  into  his  a^ite  +  ced  4- 
ent  +  5  ;  to  cede  territory  ;  con  +  cede  the  point  in  question  ; 
no  pre-\-cQ^  +  ent  (pr^c'e  dent)  for  such  a  ruling;  an  iin-\- 
pre  +  ced  4- ent  4-  ed  (un  prec'e  dent  ed)  •  course  ;  will  claim 
jore  4- ced  4- e7^ce  (pre  ced'ence)  ;  the  cess4-?*o^  of  territory  ;  a 
cess  4- (at) /o/i  of  hostilities;  easy  of  ac4-cess;  «c  +  cess  4- ?  0/2 
of  wealth  ;  de  4-  feet  4-  ion  from  a  cause  or  a  party  ;  possible, 
but  not  teas  4-  ible  ;  dis  -f  af+  feet  4-  ion  among  the  soldiers ; 
pro-\-^G(\)-{-ent  in  mathematics. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

jpre4-cede,  re  4- cede,  se4-cede,  i;i^er  4- cede,  e.r4-ceed,  pro-\- 
ceed,  sue  A  ceed,  a^s-i-cess,  eu;4-cess,  err  4- cess  4- iVe,  .se  4- cess  4- 
ion,  fact  4-  or,  fact  4-  ory,  de  4-  feet  4-  ive,  per  4-  feet. 


1 68  Word  Lessons, 


IlEg]56]«  S65. 


Word-Analysis  and  Word-Building. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 
Rightful  claim  +  6?w^  to  the  estate;  crowds  rtc4-claini  him 
king  ;  re  +  claim  a  vicious  child  ;  voted  by  cc  +  clamat  +  tow  ; 
the  Apostles'  Cre(e)d  ;  to  produce  his  cve^-\-ent{\)  \  al-\-s  ;  to 
take  advantage  of  his  cred(ul)  +  %  ;  to  6?/5  + credit  the  re- 
port ;  a  dis  +  credit  +  able  performance  ;  an  in  +  cred  +  ible 
story;  the  ground  of  cred-fewce;  to  dict  +  «^e  a  letter;  in- 
vested with  the  authority  of  a  diet  -i-  at{=  ate)  +  or  ;  a  diet  +  at 
( =  ate)  +  or(\)  +  al  tone  ;  faultless  diet  +  ion  ;  ad  +  diet  +  ed  to 

vice. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

de  +  claim^  dis  -{;  claim,  ex  +  claim,  pro  +  claim,  ir  +  re  +  claim 

+  able,  de  +  clamat  +  ion,  ex  4-  clamat  +  ion,  pro  +  clamat  +  ion, 

cred  +  ible,  credit,  credit -\- able,  contra -\- did,  pre -{-diet,  pre-\- 

dict  +  ion,  vale(f arewell)  +  diet  +  or^. 


LeSSSN  ^64. 


(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 
A  cnrr +ent  report ;  a  specie  ciirr  +  ency  ;  a  cnrs +  ory  view 
of  the  subject ;  a  co?i  j- cnrr -\-e nee  of  opinions  ;  in +  ciir  dis- 
pleasure ;  the  in  +  curs  +  ion  +  5  of  the  Goths  ;  pj-e  +  curs  +  or 
of  a  storm  ;  becoming  justly  in-{-d\gn  +  a7it  (angry  at  what 
is  unworthy);  to  suffer  i7i -[- dlgn -h ity  ;  con-\- dlgn  punish- 
ment; to  a6?+duce  facts  and  arguments  ;  con -\-dnce  to  the 
general  good  ;  con-\-dnc-\-ive  to  health  ;  e  +  dnce  good  from 
evil  ;  to  56  + dace  the  young  from  duty  ;  secretly  6f5  +  dnct-*- 
ed  the  child  ;  from  these  particulars  we  come,  by  i?i4-diict  + 
ion,  to  the  general  law  ;  tw+duct+tve  reasoning. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 
ex -^enr»  + ion,  re  +  cnr,  dign  +  (i)///,  dlgn-^iti/,  diirii(it)-f 
ary,  e -\- due -^  ate,   iw  +  diice,    in-\-diice+j)ie7it,    m/ro  + duet  + 
ion,  i?itro  +  duct -\- or y,  pro -\-dnce,  pro  +  dnci-^ive. 


A    Complete  Speller.  169 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

speech,  a  form  of  words  bearing  on  some  topic  of  common 

interest  to  speaker  and  hearer. 
ad  dress',  a  form  of  words  directed  to  some  person  or  body 

of  persons. 

0  ra'tioii,  an  elaborate  speech  for  a  special  occasion. 
ha  rangue',  a  noisy,  vehement  appeal  to  the  passions. 
declama'tion,  delivery  of  a  memorized  speech  or  exercise, 

as  in  schools  ;  loud  or  empty  speaking  in  public. 

dic'tiou  refers  to  the  choice  and  construction  of  words 
where  clearness  and  accuracy  are  at  stake. 

style  applies  both  to  language  and  thought,  and  refers  to 
the  artistic  character  of  the  composition ;  as,  a 
graceful,  polished,  poetic,  or  forcible  style, 

phra  se  ol'ogy,  particular  or  distinctive  form  of  words. 

dis  cern'ment,  keenness  and  accuracy  of  mental  vision. 

pen  e  tra'tion,  power  of  seeing  deeply  into  things. 

dis  criiii  i  na'tion,  capacity  of  tracing  out  minute  distinctions 

and  nice  shades  of  thought. 
judgment,  the  faculty  of  comparing  and  weighing  things 

and  deciding  aright  in  reference  to  them. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  icord,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  The  mayor  delivered  an  — —  of  welcome.     The  senator  made  a 

strong  in  support  of  the  bill.     The  general  made  a to  his 

troops  on  the  eve  of  battle.     Webster  delivered  the at  the  laying 

of  the  corner-stone.     The  audience  pronounced  it  mere . 

2  The of  Burke  was  enriched  with  all  the  higher  graces  of  com- 
position ;  his was  pure  and  clear  ;  his was,  at  times,  cumber- 
some. 

3  serves  to  remove  all  obscurity  and  confusion.     pierces 

every  veil  which  falsehood  draws  before  truth.  detects  the  slight- 
est differences.  When  called  upon  to  take  any  step  or  act  any  part,  we 
must  employ . 


JO  Word  Lesso7is. 


IlEJSSeS  ^66. 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Lear  a  to  discnminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

Difference  lies  in^the  thing,  distinction  in  the  act  of  tho 
person.     To  make  a  distinction  without  a  difference. 

In  a  definition  we  fix  the  bounds  or  limits  of  a  thing  ;  in 
an  explanation  we  make  plain  or  remove  some  misunder- 
standing.    A  precise  definition  ;  a  general  explanation. 

Sure  that  the  sun  is  in  the  sky  to-day,  certain  that  it  will 
rise  to-morrow  ;  sure  remedy  or  guide  ;  certain  of  the  cor- 
rectness of  the  theory. 

Ac'cu  rate  account,  statement,  or  calculation  ;  ex  act'  date, 
amount,  or  likeness  ;  pre  cise'  moment  or  meaning  ;  pre  cise' 
in  dress  or  language. 

A  captious  person  catches  at  the  slightest-faults  ;  one  who 
is  caviling  makes  frivolous  objections. 

Final  adjustment  or  determination  ;  ul'tl mate  success  or 
object ;  con  clu'sive  argument  or  arrangement. 

IlEJSiSejV  ^67. 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  gim  original  illustrations. 

A  sped  men  represents  a  class  of  things  ;  a  sam'ple  is  a 
part  of  the  thing,  showing  the  quality  of  the  whole. 

In  f?en'ious  mechanic  ;  sliill'ful  physician  ;  ex  pert'  bowman  ; 
dex'ter  ous  fencer  ;  a  droit'  pick-pocket ;  clev'er  speech  or  trick. 

Cunning  or  crafty  device'  ;  useful  con  triv'ance. 

U tU'i ty  of  an  invention  ;  useful ness of  the  thing  invented. 

Du'ra  ble  material  or  fabrics ;  last'ing  remembrance  or 
effect ;  per'manent  situation  or  monument. 

Wer'can  tile  house  or  business  ;  com  mer'cial  education,  peo- 
ple, or  town. 

We  remove  obstructions  and  surmount  obstacles. 


A   Complete  Speller,  171 

Word-Analysis  and  Word-Building. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

To  meet  for  friendly  con  +  fer-\-e7ice;  a  natural  m  +  fer4- 
ence  from  the  preceding  statement ;  by  suf-{-(er-{-ance  rather 
than  by  permission;  to  pro{t)-\- fer  services;  trans -{-fer-\- 
able  rights  ;  e-\-\at-\-ed  by  victory  ;  the  cor  +  re  +  lat  +  ive 
terms,  father  and  son  ;  flu -\-ent  speaker  ;  living  in  a/+flu  + 
ence  ;  m  + flux  of  wealth  ;  the  speaker's  M-^ency  ;  the  con-{- 
flu  +  ence  of  two  rivers  ;  the  flu  +  id  +  ity  of  water  or  gas  ;  in  + 
fTung  +  ible  atoms  ;  m  +  fring(e)  upon  his  rights  ;  re  +  fract  + 
ion  of  a  ray  of  light ;  re  +  fract  +  ory  child. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

fer(t)  +i7e,  fer{t) +  il(=  ile)  +  ize,  circum-\-fer-\-ence,  dif-\- 
fer  + ence,  2)re  +  fer-^ence,  re +  fer-{- ence,  re-{-fer  +  ee,  di-h 
lat(e),  di  +  lat  +  ory,  siq^er  +  lat  +  ive,  trans  +  lat(e),  fract  +  ioiu 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 
Re  +  fund  the  money  ;  fus  +  ion  of  metals  ;  language  too 
fZiZ+fuse;  dif+fns  +  ion  of  knowledge;  dif+ fus -hive  per- 
fume ;  ef+fuH-^ion  of  blood;  in -\-fnfi+ ion  of  good  princi- 
ples; 7?ro  + fuse  in  expenditures;  eyes  stif+fvi^-hed  with 
tears;  ^ra^s  +  fuse  a  spirit  of  patriotism;  the  insolent  ag-\- 
gress -{-or  ;  ag-\- gress  +  ive  measures  ;  a  di  +  gress  +  ion  from 
my  main  purpose ;  to  shut  off  all  e  +  gross  ;  retro  +  grade 
motion;  not  joro  +  gress,  but  re^ro  4- gress  +  ?*ow  ;  an  ad-{- 
he.T-\-ent  to  a  party  ;  a  rambling,  iri -V  co +  \i^T  +  ent  style. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 
con-]-{vL^-\-ion,    grad(at)+tow,    ^e  + grade,    tZe  +  grad(at)-|' 
ion,  ag  +  gresH-[-io?i,  C07i -\- gress,  di  +  gress,  joro  +  gress  +  iVe, 
grad(u)4-«^e,    tra}is -{- gress -\- ioti,   co  +  lier  +  ence,    «<Z+hes  + 
ion,  hes(it)-h  a ncy. 


172  Word  Lessons, 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — L^arn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

That  which  charms,  en  chants',  or  en  raptures  (these  words 
rise  in  their  sense)  affords  pleasure  for  tlie  time  ;  that  which 
fascinates  or  cap'tivates  rivets  the  mind  to  the  ohject. 

Af  fa  ble  (ready  to  speak  or  to  be  spoken  to)  even  to  the 
meanest  of  his  subjects  ;  courteous  (suitable  to  a  court)  bear- 
ing or  language  ;  polite'  (polished)  behavior,  address,  or 
manners ;  civil  (belonging  to  a  citizen,  not  rude)  person  or 
reply  ;  condescending:  to  his  inferiors  ;  com'plai sant'  (desiring 
to  please)  gentlemen.  He  smiled  with  much  com'plai  sance 
at  all  their  pretty  fancies. 

El'e  gance  comes  from  training  or  art ;  ^ace  may  be  a 
natural  gift. 

The  decorum  of  a  public  assembly;  the  dig'nity  of  the  men 
who  compose  it. 

The  Pharisees  were  scru'pu  lous  without  being  con  sci  ea'tlous. 

IlEggejvi  :?7). 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

Des'ultory  (leaping)  talk  or  remarks  ;  eur'sory  (running) 
view  or  glance. 

Ap  pro  ba'tion  of  equals  or  superiors  ;  com  men  da'tion  of  su- 
periors. * 

Benev'olent  (well-wishing)  disposition  or  act;  beneficent 
(well-doing)  acts  or  intentions. 

Deference  to  authority,  to  rank,  or  to  the  opinions  of 
others  ;  respect'  for  superiors  or  for  virtues  ;  esteem'  for  vir- 
tues or  for  real  worth  ;  rev'erence  for  persons  or  things  ex- 
alted, noble,  or  sacred  ;  venera'tion  for  age  and  wisdom. 

It  is  wrong  to  dlspar'age  another's  motives  or  efforts. 
De  pre'c!  ate  values  or  merits. 


A   Complete  Speller,  173 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

beau'ti  ful,  having  that  assemblage  of  graces  or  properties 
which  pleases  the  senses  (especially  the  sight)  or  the 
mind  ;  as,  heautiful  scenery,  woman,  or  thought. 

pretty,  pleasing  by  delicacy  or  grace, — applying  to  things 
1  comparatively  small ;  as,  pretty  face,  flower,  or  cot- 

tage. 

haud'some,  agreeable  to  the  eye  or  to  correct  taste  ;  suit- 
able ;  as,  handsome  face,  house,  apology,  or  for- 
tune. 

gleam,  to  begin  to  give  a  faint  but  distinct  light. 
glimmer,  to  give  an  indistinct,  unsteady  light. 
"Z  glitter,  to  give  a  bright  but  broken  and  varied  light. 
glis'ten,  to  shine  with  a  soft,  fitful  light. 
sparli'le,  to  send  off  particles  of  light. 

har'mo  ny,  adaptation  of  parts  to  each  other  ;  union  of  two 
3  or  more  sounds  heard  at  the  same  instant. 

melody,  a  pleasing  succession  of  single  s^nds. 

char'ac  ter  is  the  sum  of  a  man's  qualities. 
repu  ta'tion  is  what  others  think  of  a  man. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  We  should  not  say  that  a  man  is or ,  but  he  may  be . 

sunset  ;  tale  ;  horse. 

2  The  morning  light  upon  the  earth.     A  distant  taper 

through  the  mist.     A  dew-drop in  the  sun.     The  ladies'  eyes 

with  pleasure.     The  child's  eyes with  delight. 

3  In  a  united  family  we  see  domestic .     There  may  be  perfect 

in  a  concert  of  voices  and  instruments.     There  may  be in 

language  or  in  the  song  of  a  bird. 

4  It  is  possible  for  a  man  to  have  a  fair who  has  not  in  reality  a* 

good ;  but  men  of  really  good are  not  likely  to  have  a  bad . 


I  74  Word  Lessons, 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

pill  rail  ty  of  Yotes,  more  votes  than   those  given  for  any 
^  other  candidate. 

ma jor'lty  of  votes,  more  than  half  the  votes  given  for  all 
the  candidates. 

in  snr  rec'tion,  a  rising  up  in  arms  against  the  authority  of 

the  government. 
re  volt',  a  violent  attempt  to  throw  off  one  forrn  of  gov- 

2  ernment  for  another. 

re  beirion,  an  extended  insurrection  and  revolt. 
rev  0  lu'tlou,  a  radical  change  ;  revolt  successfully  accom- 
plished. 

abet'tor.     An  abettor  incites,  proposes,  encourages. 

3  ac  ces'so  ry.     An  accessory  aids,  helps  forward,  conceals. 
ae  com'plice.     An  accomplice  takes  part,  carries  into  effect, 

com'mon,  often  met  with. 

4  gen'er  al,  pertaining  to  the  majority. 
u  ni  vers'al,  pertaining  to  all. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  There  being  several  competing  candidates,  no  one  obtained  a . 

He  was  elected  by  a of  votes,  but  did  not  represent  a  majority  of 

the  people. 

2  The  American began  in  1775.    The  government  was  weakened 

by  frequent  ,  incited  by  mep  ambitious  to  rule.     These  severe 

measures  led  to  an ,  which  was  soon  put  down  without  bloodshed. 

This  dissatisfaction  soon  grew  into  open . 

3  The may  escape  the  penalty  of  the  law  when  he  is  morally 

more  guilty  than  the or  even  the . 

4  To  be  able  to  read  is  so an  attainment  in  tliis  coimtry  that  we 

may  pronounce  it ,  though  by  no  means . 


A   Complete  Speller.  175 

IlEggGN  ^74. 
Word- Analysis  and  Word- Building. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

Con -\-iorm.  to  good  customs  ;  trans -\- form -\-ed  into  a  but- 
terfly ;  bring  ourselves  into  co7i  +  iorm  +  ity  -,  in  +  \i+{\)ate 
into  the  mysteries  ;  circu  +  it  +  ous  route  ;  ex-\-it  and  en- 
trance ;  se(d)-\-\i-\-ion  leading  to  open  rebellion  ;  the  trans 
+  it  of  goods  ;  trans  +  it-\-io7i-\-al  state  ;  this  trans -{-it -\- or y 
life  ;  trans + it  +  ive  verb  ;  liter  4-  al  meaning  ;  liter  +  ary  man  ; 
il +  \\ieT -\- ate  man  ;  easy,  co/  +  Ioqii(i)  +«Z  style  ;  to  substitute 
circiim-\-\oQVLi-{-ion  for  direct  terms  ;  exposed  to  o^  +  loqu  +  i/ 
and  censure. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

form  +  al,  form  -\-al-\-  ity,  de  +  form,  per  +  form  +  ance,  re  + 
form(at)  +  ion,  vim(unus,  one)  +  form,  in  +  form  +  al,  in  +  trans 
+  it  +  ive,  loqii (ac)  4-  ity,  e  +  loqii  +  ence,  magn  +  anim  +  ous, 
ma^  +  anim  +  ity,  magn  +  ate,  magn  +  {i)fy,  magn(i)  +  tude. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

Smaller  factions  merg  +  ed  into  one  powerful  party ;  e  + 
merg(e)  from  obscurity;  ready  for  any  e  + merg  4- ewe?/  ;  migrat 
+  ory  birds  ;  the  migrat  +  ion  of  birds  ;  e  +  migrat(e)  to  Aus- 
tralia ;  to  check  the  im  +  m\grsLi-\-ion  of  Chinese  into  Califor- 
nia ;  refer  the  matter  to  a  com-\-m\i(t)  -[-ee  ;  e  +  mit  steam  ; 
inter  4-  niit(t)  4-  ent  springs  ;  trans  4-  mit  messages  ;  throw  a 
miss4-?7e;  a  supposition  hardly  ad -\- miHs -\- ible  ;  the  king's 
e-\-mm-\-ury  ;  received  the  mh»-\-tve  ;  to  re4-mit  the  punish- 
ment ;  to  remit  by  draft ;  received  the  re -^mit{t)-\- ance  ;  sed 
-\- ent -h  ary  employment ;  Hed(i)-i-ment  of  impure  water  ;  to 
swjt?er4-sed(e)  an  officer. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

manu  4-  al,  manu  4-  fact  +  ory,  e  4-  man  4-  cip  4-  nt(  =  ate)  4-  ion, 
w/4-niers(e),  .<f?/J4-merg(e),  migrat(e),  ad -\-m\i{t)-\- ance, 
sub -\-m\i,  miss  4- ?ow  4- ary. 


1 76  Word  Lessofts, 

IIE8JS6N    ^76. 
Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction.— Z/ear/i  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illuatrationa. 

We  solicit  aid  or  favor  ;  entreat'  with  strong  arguments  ,• 
beseech'  with  strong  feeling;  implore'  aid  in  extreme  dis- 
tress ;  humbly  siip'pli  cate  mercy.  (These  words  increase  in 
strength  in  the  order  in  which  they  are  here  given.) 

Allured'  to  evil  by  promised  good  ;  enticed'  into  it  througli 
our  passions  ;  seduced',  or  drawn  away,  from  the  path  of 
rectitude. 

As  sent'  to  a  statement  (act  of  the  understanding) ;  con  sent 
to  a  proposal  (act  of  the  will). 

Ad  dieted  to  vice  ;  de  voted  to  literature  ;  ded'i  cat  ed  to  re- 
ligious uses. 

We  ad  mou'ish  with  a  view  to  one's  improvement ;  we 
rep'ri  mand  by  way  of  punishment. 

Pun'ish  to  uphold  law  ;  chastise'  to  reform  the  offender. 

IlESS©N    ^77. 
Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illnstrations. 

Plau'sible  arguments  and  spe'cious  appearances  often  de- 
ceive. His  ostensible  motive  may,  or  may  not,  be  his  real 
motive. 

Equivocate  by  using  language  with  two  meanings;  pre- 
var'i  cate  by  "  dodging  "  the  truth. 

Delu'sions  of  stock-jobbing  ;  illu'sions  of  youth.  .  Soph'lstry 
is  false  reasoning  of  so  subtle  a  kind  as  to  render  it  difficult 
to  expose  its  fallacy. 

Life  is  tran'sient  (short  at  the  best) ;  its  joys  are  transitory 
(liable  to  pass  away)  ;  its  hours  are  fleet  ing  (in  the  act  of 
taking  flight). 

We  should  (obligation  of  propriety)  be  neat  in  our  person. 
We  ouj?ht  (obligation  of  duty)  to  speak  truth. 


A   Complete  Speller,  177 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

hab'il,  a  law  which  grows  up  within  an  individual,  leading 

1  him  to  do  easily  and  naturally  what  he  does  often. 
cus'tom  is  a  frequent  repetition  of  the  same  act  by  an  in- 
dividual or  a  community. 

mem'ory,  that  faculty  of  the  mind  by  which  it  retains  the 
knowledge  of  past  impressions  or  thoughts. 

2  remembrance,  thie  bringing  of  past  impressions  again  to 

mind  without  conscious  effort. 
recollection  implies  a  conscious  effort  to  collect  again  im- 
pressions which  have  once  been  in  the  mind. 


3 


understand'  (or  apprehend),  to  receive  into  the  mind, 
comprehend',  to  embrace  or  understand  a  thing  in  all  its 

extent. 

in  con  sist'ent,  not  fit  to  be  placed  together. 
4  in  con'gru  ous,  not  suited  ;  not  in  harmony. 
in  com  pat'i  ble,  incapable  of  existing  together. 

Direction. — Choose  the  right  word,  cmd  give  your  reason. 

1  Man  is  a  bundle  of .     A more  honored  in  the  breach  than 

the  observance. 

2  enables  us  to  treasure  up  and  preserve  for  future  use  the 

knowledge  we  acquire.     I the  meeting,  but  I  find  it  impossible  to 

all  that  occurred. 

3  It  is  easy  to that  there  is  a  God,  but  impossible  to the 

vastness  of  his  existence,  wisdom,  and  power. 

4  Habitual  levity  of  mind  is with  the  profession  of  a  clergyman  ; 

it  is with  his  ordination  vows  ;  it  is with  his  permanent  use- 
fulness. 

13 


178  Word  Lessons, 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  original  illustrations. 

Tautology  is  a  needless  repeti'tlon  of  the  same  meaning  in 
different  words. 

He  was  not  satisfied  with  re  peat'ing  his  declaration,  but 
went  on  to  re  it'er  ate  it  in  yarious  forms. 

Prompt  decision,  steadfast  determination,  and  inflexible 
resolution. 

Pertinacity  of  opinion  ;  obstinacy  of  will. 

What  er'i  dence  have  you  to  offer  in  proof  of  the  tnith  of 
your  statement  ? 

This  served  only  to  ag'gra  vate  the  offense.  It  was  said 
merely  to  irritate  {not  aggravate)  him. 

We  may  felicitate  a  successful  rival  (wish  him  joy),  but 
can  hardly  congratulate  him  (unite  our  joy  with  his). 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Lea/rn  to  discrimirmte  ;  give  original  illnstrations. 

Ednca'tion  trains  the  mind  ;  instruction  fills  it  with  infor- 
mation. 

One  may  be  illiterate  (not  acquainted  with  letters)  and 
yet  not  ig'no  rant. 

The  idioms  (peculiar  forms)  of  a  language  ;  the  dialects  of 
different  localities. 

In  capable  of  learning  or  of  a  mean  action  ;  in  com 'patent  to 
a  certain  task  ;  in  com'pe  tent  judge. 

Difficult  problem  (requiring  more  or  less  exertion)  ;  ard'u- 
0U8  undertaking  (requiring  strenuous,  persevering  exertion). 

Believe  a  doctrine  ;  obey  a  precept* 

It  may  be  right  to  a  venge'  injuries,  but  never  to  indulge 
revenge'. 


A    Complete  Speller.  i  79 


Word-Analysis  and  Word-Building. 
(See  Direction^  p.  163. ) 
The  com^-'^wy-\-ent  parts;  an  «jt?4-posit(e)  remark;  nouns 
in  the  same  case  by  «j9  +  posit  +  io?i ;  ^e  +  cow  +  posit  +  to ?i  of 
rocks;  his  ex  +  posit +  i'o/i  of  the  text ;  co?i  +  ^/e  +  sceiid  to  be- 
come the  friend  of  the  lowly ;  self-sacrifice  and  noble  con  + 
r/e  +  scens  +  io/i ;  ^r«/j  +  scend  all  limits;  to  ^f  + scribe  honor 
to  the  upright;  to  ci>cz^m  + scribe  royal  power;  to  i^-l- 
scribe  a  line  on  stone  ;  lyre  +  scrib  +  ed  course  of  study  ;  to 
pro  +  scribe  offensive  doctrines  ;  to  supper  +  scribe  a  letter  ;  to 
^r«?i  + scribe  (copy)  ^a  letter;  an  ?"?i  + script +  zo?i  on  a  monu- 
ment. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

o/?-l-poii  +  e?<^,  ;-'Oi-^  +  pon(e),  posit  +  to ?^,  posit +  ?Ve,  com-\- 
posit(e)  number,  co??z+ posit  +  to ?i,  t/e  + posit,  c/e  +  posit  +  ory, 
/m  +  posit +  /ow,  j-zre -I- posit  +  zo?t,  f/e  +  scend  +  a/i^  +  5,  de^ 
scribe,  5wJ  + scribe,  manu  +  script,  ^os^  +  script. 

liEJSgON  %^%  / 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 
Sect  +  ion  +  al  feelings  and  interests  ;  inter  -\-  sect  +  ion  of 
the  roads;  a  potent  argument  ;  princes  and  potent  +  ^j^^e  +  5  ; 
*' potent +  (i)a?  mode  "  ;  ^e  +  spic  +  «^?e  company  ;  to  be  wise 
and  ciVc?^wi  +  spect ;  the  art  of  j9er -i- spect  +  f ye  drawing  ;  j)ro 
4-  spect  +  ive  benefit ;  a  retro  4-  spect  +  ive  view  ;  a  successful 
«  +  spir  +  a7?^ ;  con-^^\\x-^acy  against  the  government;  noble 
a  +  spirat  +  ion  4-  8  ;  poetic  in  +  spirat  +  ion ;  ex  +  pirat(  =  spirat) 
■\-ion  of  the  time;  the  m -I- spirat 4-/0?^  an.d  ea;4-pirat(  = 
spiral)  4- io/i  of  air,  /.e.,  breathing,  or  re4-spirat  +  {o?2. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 
M  4-  sect,  dis  4-  sect,  con  4-  spic(u)  4-  ous,  sus  4- pic(  =  spic)  (i)  4- 
ous,    i?j  + spect,    re-{-s])eci-\-aMe,    «  + spire,    <?07^^- spire,   ex-{- 
pire(=  spire),  {?j  4- spire,  j9er  + spire,  tempor  +  w^:,  tempor4-ar!/, 


i8o  Word  Lessons, 


Lesion   ^S5. 

Word-Analysis  and  Word-Building. 

(See  Direction^  p.  163.) 
Tend  to  ruin;  every  fiber  t€ns(e) ;  tens  +  /o?i  of  the  mus- 
cles ;  a  con  +  tent  +  {^)ous  disposition  ;  dis  +  t«nd  +  ed  nostrils  ; 
in  +  tent  on  mischief ;  in  +  tens(e)  application;  in  +  tens  +  (i)/y 
the  alarm  ;  the  o.s'(  =  ol))  +  tens  +  ihU  reason  ;  tend(er)  a  pay- 
ment;  ten(ac)4-i^«/  of  purpose;  \A\\-\-aciou8  of  his  rights; 
an  un^r\^\v-\-able  position ;  temperate,  but  not  ahs-\-\x\v-\-ent ; 
«/? +^e/' +  tain  +  e;i^  to  this  life  ;  a  remark  not  ^^er  +  tin  +  c^i/ 
here  ;  a^  +  tribut(e)  it  to  other  causes  ;  just  re  +  tribut  +  io;t ; 
/•e  +  tribut  +  iVe  justice;  verb4.i5Z  critic,  verb +  aZ  (not  oral) 
message. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

tend(on),  tend  +  ency,  at  4-  tent  +  ive,  ex  +  tens  +  ion,  os{  —  oh) 
+  tent  (at)  +  io)i,  ten  +  able,  re  -f  tent  +  ive,  ad  +  verb. 

ItBgge]^   ^84. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 
Tr'fect  +  ahle  child  ;  an  ahs  +  tract  of  the  discourse  ;  de  + 
tract  from  his  merits  ;  7-e  + tract  the  false  charge  ;  ?'e  +  tract + 
ion  of  an  opinion  ;  trouble  arising  from  an  /Vi  +  «a?  +  vert + 
ent  remark;  to  anim  +  «r/ +  vert  frequently  upon  the  im- 
propriety; to  «(=  «J)  +  vert  his  wrath;  strong  mutual 
«(=  «<{»)  + vers  +  low  ;  some  contra -\-y^ri-\-ed  points;  ;>er  + 
vert  the  meaning;,  re  +  vert  to  the  original  owner;  con  + 
vers-f-aw^  with  literature;  a  man  of  vers(at)+?/e  talents; 
another  vers -I- io;i  of  the  text;  to  choose  his  vocat  +  t'ow  ;  a 
co/i  +  vocat  +  ioM  of  bishops  and  clergy;  to  avoid  truth  by 
eqn(i)+vocat  +  ?"7i/7 ;  in  +  yocai-^-ion  of  the  Deity. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate, 
fl/ 4- tract  4- ?'ve,  cow  4- tract -for,  ^//.9  +  tract,  cr-f  tract,  pro-\- 
tract,  row,  4- tract +  10??,  rZ/4-vert,  r/r/ 4- vers(e),  ro7?/7*o  4- vers -f-y, 
di  +  vers  +  (})fy,  per  4-  vers  -f  ity,  re  +  vers(e),  pro  +  vocat  +  ion. 


A   Complete  Speller.  i8i 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

com  pe  ti'tion,  strife  for  the  same  object. 
1  em  11  la'tion,  desire  to  equal  or  excel  others. 
rivalry,  a  personal,  selfish  contest — usually  unfriendly, 

flrm'ness  belongs  to  the  will. 

constancy  belongs  to  the  affections  and  principles. 

repent'ance,  sorrow  for  past  acts,  with  a  change  of  con- 
duct. 

penitence,  sorrow  for  sin. 
3  com  punc'tion,  a  prickin'g  of  conscience. 

re  morse',  a  gnawing  of  conscience. 

contri'lion  (a  bruising),  a  continuous  state  of  grief  and  self- 
condemnation. 

e  ter'nal,  having  neither  beginning  nor  end. 
ev  er  lasting,  without  end. 

economy  avoids  waste,  and  uses  money  to  the  best  advan- 
tage. 
5  fru  gall  ty  cuts  off  indulgences,  and  saves  systematically 

and  rigidly. 
par's!  mo  ny  carries  frugality  to  an  extreme,  involving  mean- 
ness. 

Direction.— CAoo.^e  the  right  word,  and  give  your  reason. 

1  Honorable in  business.     seeks  to  merit  success  ;  is 

contented  with  obtaining  it, 

2  Without  a  man  has  no  character ;  without  - —  there  is 

neither  love  nor  virtue. 

3  All  men  are  subject  to of  conscience.     Heaven  can  judge  if 

be  true.     Seeing  his  reformation,  we  know  his to  be  true. 

The of  the  prodigal  son  ;  David's for  the  murder  of  Uriah. 

4  existence  ;  punishment. 

5  is  a  virtue, is  a  vice  ;  may  lean  to  one  or  the  other 

according  to  the  motive  from  which  it  springs. 


i82  Word  Lessons, 


Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction. — Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  origirud  illustrations. 

All  then'tic  (not  false)  history  ;  gen'ii  ice  (not  spurious) 
manuscript. 

At'ti tilde  of  wonder  ;  reclining  posture. 

A  thing  is  an'cient  or  antique'  when  not  modern  ;  it  is 
an'tiquated  or  obsolete  when  it  is  out  of  fashion  or  use. 
An'cient  republics  or  temples  ;  built  in  the  antique'  style  ; 
an'tiquated  customs  ;  obsolete  words. 

An  a  bridg'ment  contains  the  more  important  parts  of  the 
larger  work,  A  compendium  or  an  epitome  is  a  condensed 
abridgment.  An  abstract  or  a  sum'mary  is  a  brief  statement 
of  a  thing  in  its  main  points.  A  syn  op'sis  is  a  bird's-eye  view 
of  a  subject  or  work  in  its  several  parts. 

An  ex  ample  represents  a  class  of  objects  ;  an  in'stance  may 
be  a  single  and  solitary  case. 

Synonyms  Discriminated. 

Direction Learn  to  discriminate  ;  give  onginal  illustrations. 

Com'mon  friend  {7iot  "  mutual  friend"),  country,  or  enemy 
(belonging  alike  to  all)  ;  miit'u  al  benefit,  services,  or  friend- 
ship (interchange  in  the  same  act)  ;  recip'ro  cal  kindness  or 
reproaches  (acting  in  response  to  another  act). 

Fields  are  adja'cent  when  tliey  lie  near  to  each  other. 
Ad  join'ing  farms  meet  or  join  at  some  point.  Con  tig'u  oiis 
implies  touching  or  joining  closely. 

Ample  room  or  resources  ;  spa'cioiis  hall,  house,  or  garden  ; 
ca  pa'cious  vessel  or  mind. 

The  taste  and  feelings  of  a  fastidious  person  are  easily 
offended ;  a  squeam'ish  person  is  over-scrupulous  and  easily 
disgusted. 

Grandeur  of  the  ocean  ;  sub lim'i ty  of  the  heavens. 


A    Complete  Speller.  183 

Word- Analysis  and  Word- Building. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

Felic(it)+«#«  ourselves  on  having  escaped  the  danger; 
fl^+cess  +  i^Ze  from  all  sides;  to  make  mutual  co/j  +  cess + 
ion-\-s  ;  not  a  natural,  but  a  fact(iti)  -hous,  excitement ;  e  + 
diet  of  the  emperor;  to  inter ■{•  diet  all  further  intercourse; 
con -{-cur  in  this  judgment ;  con-\-curr  +  ent  testimony  ;  col-\- 
lat(e)  it,  word  by  word,  with  the  original ;  sat  down  to  a 
cold  col-{-liii-{-ion  ;  in -{- her -\-ent  right  to  liberty.  Solids 
and  fluids  differ  in  the  degree  of  co+hes  +  ?ow. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

de-\-ce^t-hion,  de-{-ceyt+ive,  ex-{-ce^t  +  io7i,  i7iter-\-cept, 
inter -h cess -{-ion,  i7iter  + cess  +  or,  pre  +  de-\-cess-\-ory  cred 
(ul)  -I-  ous,  in  +  cred(ul)  +  ity,  ac  +  eredit,  diet  +  at{=ate)  +  ion, 
se-{-dnct-\-ive,  a(iue{aqua,  water)  4- duet,  ^n-\-id,  super -^tiu-\- 
ous,  fivLci{u)-\-ate,  in  +  frmg{e)+ment, 

IlES3®N  ^S9. 

(See  Direction,  p.  163.) 

A  loqu(aci)  +  ous  woman  ;  as  +  sid(u)  +  ous  labor ;  to  labor 
with  «s  +  sid(Ti)  -^ity;  reconciled  by  the  i7iter-^  posit -{-io7i  of  a 
common  friend  ;  to  be  in  the  a -\-sceni\.-\- ant ;  to  gain  undis- 
puted a-\-scend-{-e7icy  ;  i??2+ potent  in  body  and  mind;  the 
omn\(omnis,  all)+poteiit  Creator;  per-\-sim{n)-hous  in 
thought  and  language  ;  j!?er  +  spic(u)  +  ?'^?/  of  his  statements  ; 
Socrates  and  his  con  -{-tem\^or  -\-  ary,  Plato  ;  break  the  co}i-\- 
Un(\i)-\-ity  of  the  thought  j  per-{-tln-{-acious  in  opinion; 
tract  +  ion  of  a  muscle  or  a  rope. 

Direction. — Combine,  define,  and  illustrate. 

mn\ti(muUus,  many)  +  form,  in -{-it +  {i)al,  air cu -hit,  sub 
+  miss  +  ion,  trans  +  miss  +  ion,  pre  +  sid(e),  pro  +  posit  +  ion, 
trans -{- posit -\- ion,  ea;  +  tenipor  +  ^2;e,  sus -{-ten -{-ance,  tribut-l' 
ary,  verb  +  ose,  verb  +  os{  =  ose)  +  ity. 


1 84 


Word  Lessons, 


Prefixes. 

Alphabetical   T^ist— For  Reference 
e  =  English,  I  =  Latin,  g  =  Greek. 
«a  =  at,  in,  on,  or  adds  force. 


'a.    See  ah  or  ad. 


ffa, 


an 


vyithouL  not. 


Hih 


h 


from. 


^to. 


abs 
a 

'ad* 
a 
ac 
af 
as 
al 
an 
ap 
ar 
as 
at  . 

^mbi        ) 

anib  >  =  around. 
am    ) 

fi'amphi  ~  both,  around. 
^ana  =  up,  back,  through. 
'fante  =  before. 
^"  antl  ~  against,  opposite. 

«be  =  by,  about,  over,  to  make,  or 
adds  force. 

y^^A  =  two,  tvdce. 


^cata 
cat 

'circum 


circii 
^con*  (cum)  ~ 

CO 

col 

com 

cor 

'contra 


=  down. 

I  =  around. 


^  =  with,  together, 
wholly. 


contro    [•  =  against. 
counter ) 

'de  =  doum,  from,  or  adds  force. 

^'dla  =  through. 

'dis*    ) 

di  )•  =  apart,  not,  opposite  act. 

ait) 

,,  ^  =  twice,  two. 

fl'dys  =  bad,  ill. 
e,  ec,  ef.    See  ex. 

'^rnf  =  '■».- 

fi'epi    )  ^ 
epf 


ey 


upon, 
i  =  welly  good. 


e^  I  =  out  of  from. 
ef 


♦  The  last  letter  of  the  prellx  Is  oftcu  moUifled  by  the  flret  letter  of  the  root.    This 
Ifl  for  the  sake  of  euphony. 
t  In  anticipate,  anti  =  ante. 


A   Complete  Speller. 


185 


Prefixes — Continued. 


^xtra  =  leyond. 
*for  =  not,  from. 
^fore  =  iefore. 
chyper  =  over,  beyond. 
fi'hypo  =  under. 


nn* 


ji     I  —  m,  on. 
not. 


im  \ 
ir  J 


Qnter  =  between. 
^intro  =  mthin. 
fi'meta 


.  j-  =  beyond,  change. 

*mis  =  wrong,  um 
^mono  =  alone. 


'ob* 
0 
oc 
of 
op  J 

«off  =  from 

«out  = 


=  in  front,  in   the  way, 
against. 


*^over  =  above. 

^*^^«o^  f  —  ^*^^  ^y  **^^'  unlike. 
par  ) 

'f  per  =  through^  tlioroughly. 

fl'poly  =  many. 

^post  =  a/fer. 

'pre  =  before. 


^pro 


/or,  /or//A. 


pur 

fl^pro  =  before. 

^re  =  back  or  again. 

^retro  =  backward, 

'se  =  «si<?e. 

^semi  =  AaZ/. 

'sine  =  without. 

'sub* 
sue 
suf 
su^  I 
sup 
sus  J 


'subter 


'super 


sur 


fi'syn 


:=  under. 

under. 

above,  over. 

together. 


syni  J 
«to  =  the,  this. 
irans^^^  (  —o'^^er, bey  and,  through 

^9tri  =  three,  thrice. 

'ultra  —  beyond. 

*un  —  not  (in  adj.  and  nouns). 

^un  =  opposite  act  (in  verbs). 

^uiider  =  beneath. 

'yice  =  instead  of. 

*with  =  against,  from. 


♦  See  note,  p.  184. 


Per,  standing  alone,  means  by. 


1 86 


Word  Lessons. 


Suffixes. 


Alphabetic  List— For  Reference. 

The  part  of  speech  formed  by  the  aid  of  the  suflBx  is  indicated  by  the 
letter  placed  before  it. — n  =  noun,  v  =  verb,  a  =  adjective,  ad  —  ad- 
verb. 

The  language  from  which  the  suflBlx  comes  is  indicated  by  the  letter 
placed  after  it. — e  =  English,  I  —  Latin,  g  —  Greek,  /  =  French. 

''aWe  )  (;)  ^  „j^,  ^,  ^^^  ^^  i^  j,^   «ee  (/)  =  one  to  whom. 


«ible 

"Me   ) 


causing. 

"ac  {g)  —  'pertaining  to. 

«aceous  (I)  \  =  having  the  quality 
«acious  [l)  S         of,  full  of. 

«acy  (0  =  state  or  quality  of  being. 


«age(/)  = 


state  ofbeing. 
act  of. 
that  which, 
a  collection  of. 


°  "al  (0  —  pertaining  to  ;  the  act  of. 
<*  "an  {I)  =  pertaining  to  ;  one  who. 

«SScy  [  ^^  =■  ^^""^^  ^^  ^^*''^'  ""'^  ''•^• 

ant  (f).    See  ent. 

«ar  (0  =  pertaining  to. 

»*ar.     See  "er. 

"ard  (e)  =  one  who. 

belonging  to. 

one  who,  place  where. 

havi\ 
^"''ate  ij)=  \  one  wt 


««ary(0  = 


Lha 

1=  \  on 

(to 


make. 


We.   See  able. 


^de 


j-  (?)  =  little  (diminutives). 


»»cule 

"dom  (e)  =  state  of  being,  domain 

of 
fed  (c)  =  past  tense  and  past  par. 


«ier 


(.(/)  =  one  who. 


{made  of. 
to  make,  past  par. 
little  (diminutive). 


I  (l)  =  state  of  being. 


"ence 
"ency 

«a^„4  ,7V  _  j  one  who  or  that  which. 
eni{i)-  •j^g.j-^^or  ing. 

»er  (e)  =  one  who  or  that  which. 

«er  (e)  =  more  (comparative  de- 
gree). 

{place  where, 
state  of  being, 
collection, 
art  of. 

"escence  (1)  —  state  of  becoming. 

''escent  (0  =  becoming. 

«ess  (/)  =  female. 

«est  (e)  =  most  (superlative  degree). 

"ette  (/)  =  little  (diminutive). 

''fill  {e)  =  full  of,  causing. 

pfy  (?)  ::=  to  mo,ke. 

"hood  (e)   =  state  or    quality    of 

being. 
ible.   See  able. 


«»ic     ) 
«»ical  t 


{pertaining  to. 
made  of 
one  who. 


science  of. 


A    Complete  Speller, 


187 


Suffixes — Continued. 


^'id  (0  =  quality,  'pertaining  to. 


«ie) 


{e)  =  little  (diminutive). 


ier.   See  eer. 

^ile  {I)  —  able  to  he,  relating  to. 

«me  {]>)  =  belonging  to. 

nraing  (e)  —  the  act ;  continuing. 

Hon  {I)  =  act  of,  state  of  being. 

^is6 ) 

»ize  \  ^^  ~  ^^  ^<^^^^  t^  9^'^^' 

a»ish  (e)  =  S^omewhat,  like. 
^^       (to  make. 

Hsm  (g)  =  state  of  being,  doctrine. 
Hst  ig)  r=  one  who. 
^  ^ite  {1}  =  one  who  is ;  being. 
Hy  f  (^  ~  *^^^^  ^  quality  of  being. 

"'^ive  (I)  —  one  who,  that  ivhich  ; 
having  power  or  quality. 

«ix  (0  =  female. 

ize.   See  ise. 

"kin  (e)  —  little  (diminutive). 

"less  (e)  =  without. 

«let  (e)  =  little  (diminutive). 

Ming  (e)  =  little  (diminutive). 

aad\j  (g)  —  liJce,  manner. 

"ment  {h  =  state  of  being,  act  of, 
that  which. 

"mony  (?)  —  state  of   being,   that 
which. 


"ness  (e)  =  state  or  quality  of  being. 
"ock  (e)  =  little  (diminutive). 
«or  (0  =  one  who,  that  which. 


<*ose 
«ous 


=1: 

{([)=  full  of,  having. 


relating  to. 
""•ory  (Z)=  ^  place  where, 
thing  which. 


«l)le  {I)  =  fold. 

ry.    See  ery. 

^^a  or  es  (e)  =  plu.  of  nouns;  M 
per.  sing,  of  verbs. 

^^Hor^=  possessive  case. 

^ship  (e)  =  state  of,  office  of. 

sion.   See  ion. 

"some  (e)  =  full  of,  causing. 

"ster  (e)  —  one  who. 

"til  (e)  =  state  of  being. 

tion.   See  ion. 

«tude  (l)  =  state  of  being. 

ty.   See  ity. 

"ule  (?)  =  little  (diminutive). 

"iilent  (t)  =  full  of 

**ure  {l\   =■  state  or  act  of,   that 
which. 

«^wards  \  ^^^  ^  direction  of. 

"^wise  (e)  —  manner. 

^y  (e).  See  ie. 

«y  (e)  =  f^dl  of,  hamng. 

"y  (0  {9)  =  •s'^^e  0/  being. 


1 88 


Word  Lessons, 


Latin  Roots— For  Reference. 

To  the  pupil — The  different  forms  which  the  Latin  roots  assume  in 
English  derivatives  will  be  found  in  bold-face  type,  within  marks  of  pa- 
renthesis. 

Remember  that  in  pronouncing  Latin  words  there  must  be  as  many 
syllables  as  there  are  vowels  or  diphthongs,  thus  :  be'ne,  i're,  ag'e-re  (not 
ag'ere). 


(act).    See  agere. 

se'quus  (equ,  equal,  iqu),  equal,  just. 

agr'ere  (act,  agr),  to  do,  to  drive. 

alie'nus  (alien),  another,  stranger. 

an'iraa  (anim),  life. 

an'imus  (anim),  mind. 

an'nus  (ann,  annu,  enn),  a  year. 

be'ne,  well. 

cad'ere  (cad,  cas,  cid,  cide),  to  fall. 

cap'ere  (cap,  capt,  ceive,  cept,  cip), 

to  take. 
ca'put  (capit,  cipit),  the  head. 
(cas).    See  cadere. 
ced'ere  vced,  cede,  ceed,  cess),  to  go, 

to  yield. 
(ceive,  cept).    See  capere. 
(cid).    See  cadei'e. 
(cip).    See  capere. 
(cipit).    See  caput. 
clama're  (claim,  clamat),  to  cry  out,  to 

call. 
clau'dere  (clud,  elude,  clus),  to  shut. 
cred'ere  (cred,  credit),  to  believe. 
cur'rere  (cur,  curr,  curs),  to  mn. 
dic'ere  (diet),  to  say. 
digr'nus  (dig-n),  ivorthy. 
du'cere  (due,  duce,  duct),  to  lead. 
(enn).    See  anmis. 
(equ).    See  o'qum. 
fa'cere(fac,  fact,  feas,  feet,  flc),  to  do, 

to  make. 
fe'lix  (fellc),  hajipy- 
fer're  (fer,  lat),  to  bear,  to  carry. 
(flc).    Seefacere. 

flu'ere  (flu,  fluct,  flux),  to  flow. 
for'ma  (form),  a  shajK,  a  form. 
fl-an'^ere  (frangr,  fract,   fring:),    to 

break. 
fon'dere  (fund,  fus,  fusa),  to  pour. 


gra'di  (grrad,  grade,  grress),  to  stePt  to 

walk. 
haere're  (her,  hes),  to  stick. 
(iqu).    See  cequns. 
i're  (it),  to  go. 
(lat).    See/(S?re. 
lit'era  (liter),  a  letter. 
lo'qui  (loqu,  locut),  to  speak. 
magr'nus  (magrn),  g?-eat. 
ma'niis  (man,  manu),  the  hand. 
mer'grere  (mergr,  mers),  to    dtp,    to 

lounge. 
migrra're  (migr,  migrrat),  to 

to  remove. 
mit'tere  (mit,  miss\  to  send. 
pars  (part,  parti),  a  part. 
pon'ere  (pon,  posit),  to  place. 
I)o'tens  (potent),  ix)werfd. 
scan'dere  (scend,  scens),  to  climb. 
scrib'ere   (scrib,  scribe,  script), 

w}-i/e. 
seca're  (sect),  to  cut. 
sede're  (sed,  sess,  sid),  to  sit. 

spec  ere     |  ^gp^^^  spic),  to  look,  to  see. 

o?'  spic'ere  i  »    *-     » 

spira're  (spir,  spire,  spir  at),  to  br^eathe. 

to  bloiv. 
(tain).    See  tenere. 
tem'pus  (temper),  time. 
ten'dere  (tend,  tens,  tent),  to  sfrettA 
tene're  (tain,  ten,  tent,  tin),  to  hold. 
(tent).    See  tendere  and  tenere. 
(tin).    See  tenere. 
traOiere  (tract),  to  draw. 
tribu'era  (tribut),  to  allot,  to  giv€ 
ver'bum  (verb),  a  word. 
ver'tere  (vert,  vers),  to  turn. 
vooa're  (voo,  vocat),  to  call. 


to 


■^1 


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